江西省水上应急搜救管理的研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 11:33

本文选题：突发公共事件 + 公共危机管理　；参考：《江西财经大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：水上应急搜救管理是我国公共危机管理的一项重要职能,是全面落实科学发展观、构建社会主义和谐社会的重要内容。迅速、有效、高效的水上应急搜救处置,控制水上突发事件,救助遇险人员,最大程度的减少水上突发事件造成的人员伤亡和财产损失,是全面履行政府职能的重要体现。近几年来,伴随着我省极端恶劣天气的频发,水运基础设施建设规模的扩大,航道养护等级的提高,“长江经济带”战略的实施,船舶数量和水路货运运输量逐步增长,这些都给水上安全应急管理工作提出了更高的要求。在水上突发事件发生后,及时分析判断形势、正确决策、提高应急反应行动的有效性、相机处置,协调各方应急力量,加强全民水上安全意识,充分运用社会救助力量,健全“专群结合、军地结合”的应急保障机制,建立完善的航道支持保障系统和水上搜救资金保障机制,形成以政府救助为主导、社会救助积极参与、人员自救相结合的江西省内河水上应急搜救管理体系,对提高水上应急搜救处置能力,具有十分重要的意义。本文在研究江西省水上应急搜救管理现状的过程中,分析当前我省水上应急搜救管理存在着:缺乏水上应急搜救管理专项规划;水上安全监管手段落后;水上专业救助力量薄弱、救援物资匮乏;水上搜救联动机制不完善;水上搜救志愿者队伍亟待规范化、现代化;缺乏水上突发事故后对通航环境影响的评估及处置等主要问题。通过解析国内水上搜救行动案例,借鉴国内外水上应急搜救管理经验做法,探索出我省通过编制水上应急搜救发展规划、提升水上安全监管手段、加快建设专业救助力量和充实救援物资、逐步完善水上搜救联动机制、积极引导水上搜救志愿者队伍规范化和现代化建设、逐步建立水上突发事故对通航环境影响的评估及处置等方式提升我省水上安全监管能力,改善应急搜救能力,完善应急保障体系的发展思路。文中强调了应急搜救管理专项规划的重要性。根据国家、交通运输部、江西省政府及交通运输厅发展总体战略和规划,基于目前应急搜救管理存在的问题、未来发展面临形势和发展需求,编制出短期发展目标及中长期发展思路,能有效地把握水上应急搜救发展方向,降低决策的风险性,进一步提高水上应急搜救管理的科学性。文中谈及了对水上搜救社会力量的有序引导,本着“以人为本、生命至上”的理念,在发生水上突发事件时,如果能借助附近渔业船舶及过往水运船舶等社会救助力量,发挥其就近、快速的特点,就能最大限度的降低事故造成的损失和灾害,提高人命救助能力。
[Abstract]:The management of water emergency search and rescue is an important function of public crisis management in our country. It is an important content of carrying out the scientific development view and constructing the socialist harmonious society in an all-round way. Rapid, effective and efficient water emergency rescue and disposal, controlling water emergencies, rescuing people in distress and minimizing casualties and property losses caused by water emergencies are the important embodiment of the overall performance of government functions. In recent years, with the frequent occurrence of extreme bad weather in our province, the expansion of the scale of waterway infrastructure construction, the improvement of waterway maintenance grade, the implementation of the "Yangtze River Economic Belt" strategy, the number of ships and the volume of waterway freight transport have gradually increased. These all put forward higher request to water safety emergency management work. After the occurrence of water emergencies, timely analysis and judgment of the situation, correct decision-making, improvement of the effectiveness of emergency response actions, camera handling, coordination of all emergency forces, strengthening of the awareness of water safety among the whole people, and full use of social rescue forces, To improve the emergency support mechanism of "combination of specialized groups, military and local forces," and establish a sound waterway support system and water search and rescue fund support mechanism, leading by the government and actively participating in social assistance. The management system of water emergency search and rescue on inland rivers in Jiangxi Province is of great significance for improving the ability of water emergency rescue and disposal. In the course of studying the current situation of water emergency search and rescue management in Jiangxi Province, this paper analyzes the existence of water emergency search and rescue management in our province: lack of special plan for water emergency rescue management, backward supervision and management of water safety; The water professional rescue force is weak, the relief material is scarce; the water search and rescue linkage mechanism is not perfect; the water search and rescue volunteer team urgently needs to be standardized and modernized; lack of the water accident to the navigation environment impact assessment and disposal and so on main problems. Through analyzing the case of domestic water search and rescue operation, drawing lessons from the experience of domestic and foreign water emergency search and rescue management, this paper explores the development plan of water emergency search and rescue in our province, and promotes the means of water safety supervision. We will speed up the construction of professional rescue forces and enrich the relief materials, gradually improve the water search and rescue linkage mechanism, and actively guide the standardization and modernization of the contingent of water search and rescue volunteers. The evaluation and disposal of the impact of sudden accidents on navigation environment should be established step by step to improve the ability of water safety supervision, improve the ability of emergency search and rescue, and improve the development of emergency support system. This paper emphasizes the importance of the special plan of emergency search and rescue management. According to the overall strategy and plan for the development of the state, the Ministry of Transport, the Jiangxi Provincial Government and the Department of Communications and Transport, based on the existing problems in emergency search and rescue management, the future development will face the situation and development needs. It can effectively grasp the development direction of water emergency search and rescue, reduce the risk of decision-making, and further improve the scientific nature of water emergency search and rescue management. The article talks about the orderly guidance to the social power of water search and rescue, in line with the concept of "people-oriented, life-first", if we can make use of the nearby fishing vessels and passing waterborne vessels, and other social rescue forces in the event of an emergency on the water, It can reduce the loss and disaster caused by accident to the maximum extent and improve the ability of saving human life by giving full play to its characteristics of proximity and rapidity.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D63

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