农村基层社会冲突治理中的“政府兜底”问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 21:04

本文选题：基层政府 + 社会冲突　；参考：《南昌航空大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,农村社会矛盾与冲突不断凸显。从时间上看,我国处于社会主义初级阶段,在迎来重大发展机遇的同时,也面临着相当严峻的挑战。在基层政府治理过程中,由于人们思想观念日益多元和利益争夺日趋剧烈,而导致基层社会冲突事件频发。从结构上看,农民占我国总人口的绝大多数。伴随着维稳压力的增大,基层政府正越来越多地采取兜底的方式去解决社会矛盾与冲突。为了尽快平息社会冲突事件,涉事各方主体一般不通过法律途径解决争端,而是采取了“特事特办”的处理手段。在这个过程中,政府往往以第三方的身份为处理冲突双方的矛盾付出物质等方面的代价。本文梳理了学界已有的社会冲突领域相关理论资源,以基层政府在社会冲突治理过程中采用的各种兜底方式为研究对象,呈现政府兜底行为的成因、结果以及带来的影响、利弊等等,最终提出若干政策建议。在具体的研究过程中,笔者将理论分析与实地田野调研相结合,运用文献研究法、深入访谈法等多种研究方法,对我国农村社会冲突治理中的“政府兜底”问题进行了较为深入的研究。在学界已有关于“政府兜底”问题研究的基础上,结合笔者的实地田野调研经验,文章认为,当前农村社会冲突治理中“政府兜底”行为主要表现在以下几个方面:运用行政化或政治化的手段解决问题、基层政府“花钱买平安”行为的泛滥等。政府在对社会冲突进行兜底管理过程中,能够在很大程度上遏制冲突事件的扩大与恶化,能够尽快平息冲突事件对社会造成的负面影响,不至于波及到上级对地方政府领导的政绩考核与评价,在一定程度上有利于维护农村社会的暂时稳定。但是,这种治理方式存在诸多不足之处:诸如降低政府公信力、增加政府治理成本、加剧社会冲突、导致公共财政资源的浪费、强化政府的维稳思维等等。这种兜底的社会冲突治理方式虽然能够在短期内解决问题,但是从长远来看却是弊大于利,极容易诱发新的社会不稳定因素。所以,在基层政府治理的过程中,需要改进社会冲突的治理方式,提高政府的社会冲突管理水平和能力,以更好地维护农村社会和谐与稳定。具体而言,我们可以通过采取改进政府绩效考核方式、规范政府行政行为、增强政府行政能力、健全社会矛盾研判和调处制度、积极借鉴国外治理社会冲突的先进经验等一系列对策,以进一步建立和完善科学、合理、有效的农村社会冲突治理体系。归根结底,基层政府应该提升公共服务能力,做好常规治理工作,尽量减少社会冲突的发生。一旦出现社会冲突,基层政府也应该避免采用兜底的解决方式。当然,农村社会冲突治理工作不可能毕其功于一役,而必定是一项长期的战略性工程。
[Abstract]:In recent years, rural social contradictions and conflicts continue to highlight. From the point of view of time, our country is in the primary stage of socialism. In the process of government governance at the grass-roots level, people's ideas and ideas are becoming more and more diverse and the interests are competing more and more intensely, which leads to frequent social conflicts at the grass-roots level. From a structural point of view, farmers account for the overwhelming majority of the total population of our country. With the increasing pressure of maintaining stability, grassroots governments are taking more and more methods to solve social contradictions and conflicts. In order to appease the social conflict as soon as possible, the parties concerned do not usually settle the dispute by legal means, but adopt the method of "special affairs special operation". In this process, the government often pays the material price to deal with the conflict as a third party. This paper combs the relevant theoretical resources in the field of social conflict in academic circles, taking various methods adopted by grass-roots governments in the process of governance of social conflicts as the research object, presenting the causes, results and effects of the behaviors of the government in the process of governance of social conflicts. Advantages and disadvantages, and so on, finally put forward a number of policy recommendations. In the specific research process, the author combines theoretical analysis with field research, using literature research, in-depth interviews and other research methods. This paper makes a deep research on the problem of "government running bottom" in the governance of rural social conflict in our country. On the basis of the research on the problem of "government bottom" in academic circles, and combining with the author's field research experience, the article holds that, In the current governance of social conflict in rural areas, the behavior of "government taking the bottom" is mainly manifested in the following aspects: the use of administrative or politicized means to solve problems, the flood of grass-roots governments' behavior of "spending money to buy peace" and so on. In the process of carrying out the management of social conflicts, the government can to a large extent contain the expansion and deterioration of the conflict events, and can quell the negative impact of the conflict events on the society as soon as possible. To some extent, it is helpful to maintain the temporary stability of rural society. However, there are many shortcomings in this way of governance, such as reducing the credibility of the government, increasing the cost of government governance, exacerbating social conflicts, leading to the waste of public financial resources, strengthening the government's thinking of maintaining stability, and so on. Although this kind of social conflict management method can solve the problem in the short term, in the long run, it will do more harm than good, and it is easy to induce new social instability factors. Therefore, in the process of grass-roots government governance, we need to improve the governance of social conflict, improve the government's management level and ability of social conflict, in order to better maintain social harmony and stability in rural areas. In particular, we can improve the government's performance appraisal method, standardize the government's administrative behavior, strengthen the government's administrative ability, and improve the system of social contradiction study and mediation. In order to establish and perfect the scientific, reasonable and effective rural social conflict management system, a series of countermeasures, such as foreign advanced experience in managing social conflict, are actively used for reference. In the final analysis, the grass-roots government should improve the public service capacity, do good routine governance, and minimize the occurrence of social conflicts. In the event of social conflict, grassroots governments should also avoid using the solution. Of course, the rural social conflict management work can not do a job, but must be a long-term strategic project.
【学位授予单位】：南昌航空大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D63;D422.6

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