西方有限政府理论的思想基础

发布时间：2018-05-06 05:01

本文选题：有限政府 + 制约　；参考：《四川师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：政府是国家权力机关的执行机关,是国家公共行政权力的象征、承载体和实际行为体,是一种合法地垄断着暴力并借此管理一个社会之事务的权威性组织。政府几乎可以被视为国家的同义词,在很大程度上,政治学和政治思想史上的国家理论就是政府理论。政府是人类文明的一个重要因素,政府的诞生是人类文明摆脱野蛮和蒙昧的重要标志之一,任何时期的政府都体现了当时人类所达到的文明水平。人类政治发展是一个内容宏阔、景象壮观的历史洪流,其中的主流部分就是政府的发展。政治文明的重要内容是政府文明,政治思想史的大部分内容也是政府理论史。在西方政治思想史之中,有限政府的理论一直占据着主流地位,它是自由主义在国家理论上的表达。有限政府理论可以在古代希腊就找到其思想渊源,政府(城邦)是人们自然自发的组成的,是为了人们更好的生活下去而存在的。政府不能违背自然正义,这是对政府的第一个制约。政府应该是怎样的形式,人民本身是政府的主人,民意是政府合法性的一个不可或缺的要素,任何一个国家其主权都应该是属于全体民众所有,因此政府不得肆意妄为,否则就将被撤换,这是对政府的第二个约束。在一个国家之中,政府是按怎样的规则来运行,法治的原则在国家之中居于怎么样的地位,法律是对政府第三个约束。在政府内部进行结构性划分,使政府所属的权力分立并相互制约,这是对政府的第四个约束,分权制衡也是有限政府理论最重要的技术手段。制约政府的四个要素并非各自为阵的独立理论,它们之间都有交叉重叠的部分,这四个要素是相辅相成,共同构成了有限政府理论的思想基础。
[Abstract]:The government is the executive organ of the state authority. It is the symbol of the power of the state's public administration, the carrying body and the actual actor. It is an authoritative organization that legitimately monopolizes violence and manages a social affairs. The government can be regarded as the synonym for the state, to a great extent, in the history of political and political thought. The family theory is the government theory. The government is an important factor of human civilization. The birth of the government is one of the important symbols of human civilization to get rid of barbarism and ignorance. The government of any period embodies the civilization level achieved by mankind at that time. The political development of human being is a great content, a spectacular historical flood, the mainstream of which is the mainstream. Part is the development of the government. The important content of the political civilization is the government civilization, the most of the political thought history is also the history of the government. In the history of Western political thought, the theory of the limited government has always occupied the mainstream position, it is the representation of liberalism in the state theory. The limited government theory can be found in ancient Greece. To its ideological origin, the government (city state) is a natural and spontaneous composition of people and is for people to live better. The government can not violate the natural justice. This is the first restriction to the government. What form the government should be, the people themselves are the masters of the government, and the public opinion is an indispensable element of the legitimacy of the government. The sovereignty of any country should be owned by all the people, so the government must not be wanton, otherwise it will be replaced. This is the second constraint on the government. In one country, the government operates according to what rules, the principle of the rule of law is in the status of the state, and the law is the third constraint on the government. The structural division within the government makes the power of the government separate and constrain each other. This is the fourth constraint on the government, and the separation of powers is also the most important technical means of the limited government theory. The four elements of the government are not independent theories of their respective array. There are overlapping overlapping parts between them, and these four elements are the four elements Complementing each other constitutes the ideological foundation of the theory of limited government.

【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D035

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