非政府组织参与农村治理的问题和对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 16:20

本文选题：非政府组织 + 基层政权　；参考：《江西财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前,解决好“三农”问题仍是党和国家工作的重中之重。近些年党和政府出台了一系列的政策扶持农村社会经济的发展,在政策的指引下,我国农村经济取得了十足的发展,最为直接的表现就是农民的生活水平得到提高。但是,我国“三农”问题有复杂的历史背景和国情因素,农村经济发展水平总体来说仍然偏低,农村经济结构仍不合理,农民的生活质量仍然有待改善。近年来,非政府组织积极参与到农村治理中,并取得了一定的成就,但在实践过程中也存在诸多问题,这些问题的存在严重给农村非政府组织的健康可持续发展带来巨大困境,同时也不利于农村非政府组织在农村治理过程中作用的发挥。基于上述情况,探讨非政府组织参与农村治理的对策具有很重要的现实意义。本文基于现有国内外相关研究,对我国农村非政府组织产生的原因进行了思考。笔者认为,中国农村非政府组织的产生与我国农村改革有着密不可分的关系。其中,政治体制改革和政府职能调整是农村非政府组织产生的政治原因,以家庭联产承包责任制为核心的农村经济体制改革是农村非政府组织产生的直接动因;而农民自主意识和参与意识的不断增强奠定了农村非政府组织的社会基础。解决“三农”问题不能仅靠政府与市场的作用。与政府与市场相比,非政府组织在农村治理中有着先天的优势,能够有效弥补政府与市场的不足之处。促进非政府组织参与农村治理,不仅有利于提升基层政权的治理水平,也是促进农村经济发展的重要基础,还是促进农村社会和谐稳定的重要途径。但是,非政府组织参与农村治理仍存在许多问题。本文选取了江西省赣州市信丰县大阿镇Y村老年协会作为个案,通过调研发现其在运行过程中反映出来的问题具有代表性,如面临政治合法性障碍、资金和人才缺乏、自身管理不善等。笔者认为,上述问题的根本原因还在于农村非政府组织与基层政权之间没有形成良性互动,并对两者在信任、合作和冲突解决中的博弈关系进行了分析。笔者认为,推进非政府组织参与农村治理,一是要强化农村非政府组织的合法性基础,包括确立其形式合法性的法制基础、巩固其实质合法性的社会基础和培养其公共性基础;二是正确处理非政府组织与基础政权的关系,包括明确两者的角色定位和建立两者的互信关系;三是加强农村非政府组织自身建设,如完善筹资渠道、提高人民素质、加强内外监督等。
[Abstract]:At present, solving the issue of agriculture, rural areas and farmers is still the top priority of the Party and the state. In recent years, the Party and the government have issued a series of policies to support the development of rural social economy. Under the guidance of the policy, the rural economy of our country has achieved full development, the most direct manifestation is the improvement of farmers' living standard. However, there are complicated historical background and national conditions in the problems of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" in our country. The level of rural economic development is still on the low side, the structure of rural economy is still unreasonable, and the quality of life of farmers still needs to be improved. In recent years, non-governmental organizations have been actively involved in rural governance, and have made some achievements, but in the process of practice, there are many problems, these problems have brought great difficulties to the healthy and sustainable development of rural non-governmental organizations. At the same time, it is not conducive to the role of rural non-governmental organizations in the process of rural governance. Based on the above situation, it is of great practical significance to discuss the countermeasures of NGO participation in rural governance. Based on the existing research at home and abroad, this paper thinks about the causes of rural NGOs in China. The author believes that the emergence of rural non-governmental organizations in China is closely related to rural reform in China. Among them, the reform of political system and the adjustment of government function are the political reasons of the rural non-governmental organizations, and the rural economic system reform with the household contract responsibility system as the core is the direct cause of the rural non-governmental organizations. The increasing of farmers' consciousness of independence and participation has laid the social foundation of rural non-governmental organizations. To solve the problem of agriculture, rural areas and farmers cannot rely on the role of the government and the market alone. Compared with the government and the market, NGOs have inherent advantages in rural governance, which can effectively make up for the shortcomings of the government and the market. To promote the participation of non-governmental organizations in rural governance is not only conducive to improving the governance level of the grass-roots regime, but also an important basis for promoting the development of rural economy, and an important way to promote social harmony and stability in rural areas. However, there are still many problems in the participation of NGOs in rural governance. This paper selects Da A Zhen Y Village elderly Association of Xinfeng County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province as a case study and finds that the problems reflected in its operation are representative, such as facing obstacles of political legitimacy, lack of funds and talents. One's own mismanagement, etc. The author believes that the root cause of the above problems lies in the fact that there is no positive interaction between the rural non-governmental organizations and the grassroots regime, and the game relationship between them in trust, cooperation and conflict resolution is analyzed. The author believes that to promote the participation of non-governmental organizations in rural governance, the first is to strengthen the legitimacy of rural non-governmental organizations, including establishing the legal basis of their formal legitimacy, consolidating the social basis of their substantive legitimacy and fostering their public basis; Second, to correctly handle the relationship between non-governmental organizations and the basic regime, including defining the roles of the two organizations and establishing a relationship of mutual trust between them; third, to strengthen the self-building of rural non-governmental organizations, such as improving funding channels and improving the quality of the people. Strengthen internal and external supervision, etc.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D632.9;D422.6

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