民族文化视角下黄土高原生态移民的生计重建

发布时间：2018-05-15 16:15

本文选题：民族文化 + 生态移民　；参考：《农业现代化研究》2017年06期

【摘要】：黄土高原地区生态移民所面临的生计重建困难中叠加了少数民族的生计转换问题。本文分析了移民户搬迁阶段"搬得出",重建阶段才"稳得住",进而依据生计的概念将生计重建划分为经济重建、社区重建、文化重建三个维度,在此基础上提出"搬迁与生计重建"两阶段模型。研究发现民族文化体现在两阶段模型中生计重建的三个维度上,其特征分别是:回族信仰伊斯兰文化,"围寺而居",生计方式多样化;蒙古族以游牧文化为主,"逐水草而居",依赖天然草场打猎放牧;汉族以中国传统文化为主流,主要表现为定居农耕文明。除民族文化因素外,移民户的资本禀赋、搬迁政策的实施状况和移民户的态度对生计重建也有重要影响。因此,搬迁政策应关注那些不同民族文化背景下的群体生计特征,提高搬迁补偿标准以提高移民的搬迁自愿性,把帮扶措施同移民户家庭经营的活力结合起来,提高移民户应对贫困风险的可行能力。
[Abstract]:The livelihood transformation of ethnic minorities is superimposed by the livelihood reconstruction difficulties faced by ecological immigrants in the Loess Plateau. In this paper, the author analyzes that "moving out" in the stage of relocation of immigrant families, only in the stage of reconstruction, and then divides the reconstruction of livelihood into three dimensions: economic reconstruction, community reconstruction and cultural reconstruction, according to the concept of livelihood, which is divided into three dimensions: economic reconstruction, community reconstruction and cultural reconstruction. On this basis, a two-stage model of "relocation and livelihood reconstruction" is proposed. The study found that the national culture is embodied in the three dimensions of livelihood reconstruction in the two-stage model, the characteristics of which are: the Hui believe in Islamic culture, "live around the temple", and the way of livelihood is diversified; The Mongolian people are mainly nomadic, "living by water and grass", and rely on natural pasture for hunting and grazing, while the Han nationality takes Chinese traditional culture as the mainstream, mainly for the settlement of farming civilization. Besides the national cultural factors, the capital endowment, the implementation of the relocation policy and the attitude of the immigrant families also have an important impact on the livelihood reconstruction. Therefore, relocation policies should focus on the livelihood characteristics of those groups in different ethnic and cultural backgrounds, raise the criteria for compensation for relocation in order to increase the voluntary nature of the relocation of migrants, and combine support measures with the vitality of the operation of immigrant families. Improve the ability of immigrant households to cope with the risk of poverty.
【作者单位】：山西师范大学经济与管理学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目(15BMZ094)~~
【分类号】：D632.4;F323.8

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