话语联盟、意义竞争与政策制定——以互联网“专车”论争与监管政策为例

发布时间：2018-05-30 10:38

本文选题：话语 + 意义　；参考：《公共行政评论》2016年05期

【摘要】：在话语理论看来,政策制定是一个围绕特定议题的话语建构、意义诠释与竞争的过程。"话语联盟"框架将政策制定解释为"话语结构化"与"话语制度化"的过程,体现了话语分析与行动者互动分析的结合。"话语联盟"对政策制定的影响除了与话语及意义相关外,还受到宏观环境、制度结构与权力关系的影响。对"专车"论争与政策制定的考察发现,存在"政府管制"与"自由市场"两个话语联盟。其中,"管制联盟"主要通过"合法性""权益""交通拥堵""安全"等话语来论证对"专车"加强政府管制的合理性,"市场联盟"则主要通过"共享经济""行业新业态"等话语来论证市场机制作用的合理性。由于"管制联盟"在权力与资源网络中的优势地位,它在很大程度上主导了"专车"政策制定。不过,国家对"互联网+""共享经济"和出租车行业市场化改革的倡导为"市场联盟"创造了有利环境,该联盟对政策制定也产生了影响,典型体现是最终政策中"专车"准入条件的放宽和"分类管理"的实施。
[Abstract]:In the view of discourse theory, policy formulation is a process of discourse construction, meaning interpretation and competition around specific issues. "Discourse alliance" framework interprets policy formulation as a process of "discourse structuralization" and "discourse institutionalization", reflecting the combination of discourse analysis and actor interaction analysis. In relation to the discourse and meaning, it is also influenced by the macro environment, the institutional structure and the relationship of power. The two discourse alliance of "government control" and "free market" has been found in the debate and policy formulation of "special vehicle". The rationality of strong government regulation, "market alliance" is mainly through "sharing economy" and "new format" and other words to prove the rationality of the role of the market mechanism. The regulation coalition in power and resources in the network dominant position, it led the "car" policy to a great extent to develop. However, the state of "Internet plus" and "sharing economy" The marketing reform of the car rental industry has created a favorable environment for the "market alliance". The alliance has also had an impact on the policy formulation, which is typically reflected in the relaxation of the "special vehicle" access conditions and the implementation of "classified management" in the final policy.
【作者单位】：中国海洋大学法政学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目“话语建构视角下的农村合作医疗政策变迁研究”(16YJC810017) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项“中国农村合作医疗政策过程中的话语建构机制研究”(201613013)
【分类号】：D63

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