我国运动员对慈善行为的认知与参与现状研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 15:27

本文选题：运动员 + 慈善行为　；参考：《华东师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究目的：慈善行为是个体通过提供救助或物质捐赠等形式促进他人福利的行为,但国内外关于运动员慈善行为的研究凤毛麟角。本研究以社会认知学为理论基础,以运动员慈善行为认知和参与为研究主题,从我国不同项目和水平的运动员群体入手,探讨不同运动员在慈善行为概念、慈善行为动因和慈善行为评价三个方面的认知差异,探究其慈善行为的意识、动因、方式、途径和影响因素,旨在解决我国运动员为什么参与慈善、如何参与慈善、怎样更好地参与慈善等问题。研究方法：采用自编的《运动员慈善行为参与与认知现状调查问卷》,对来自国家队、省市队、高校高水平运动队三个层面、不同专业运动队的运动员进行调查,了解其慈善行为的真实状况。对116人有效样本数据进行统计分析,了解不同等级运动员在慈善行为概念认知、慈善行为动因认知、慈善行为评价认知这三个方面所存在的具体差异。研究结果：(1)运动员慈善行为认知方面：慈善行为概念主要划分为捐赠类、志愿服务类和环保类,运动员在捐赠类慈善行为概念认知上的分值要高于志愿服务类和环保类,“捐建希望小学(M=4.60)”在概念认知维度的所有项目中分值最高；运动员慈善行为动因有利他型、利己型和模糊型三种,国际级运动健将在利他型动因认知上的得分均值明显高于一级运动员和二级运动员在这部分的均值,而二级运动员的利己型动因认知得分均值要高于其他等级运动员在这部分的均值；国际级运动健将、国家级运动健将和一级运动员的慈善行为评价认知得分均值高于总体均值,二级运动员的得分均值低于总体均值,而国际级运动健将对自我和体育明星实施慈善行为的评价认知程度更高。(2)运动员慈善行为实施现状方面：运动员对社会慈善事件关注程度较低,年均捐赠次数集中为1-4次；运动员慈善行为方式以直接捐赠为主,志愿服务参与较少；慈善活动信息主要来源于网络和电视；影响国际级、国家级运动健将参与慈善捐赠的最主要因素是“缺少空余时间”、“经济实力有限”,而“经济实力有限”则是影响一级、二级运动员参与慈善捐赠的关键因素；在影响运动员参与志愿服务的因素中,“缺少空余时间”、“义工招募活动宣传不到位”、“不了解做义工的途径”的影响程度最大。研究结论：1.不同等级运动员在慈善行为概念认知方面存在差异；2.不同等级运动员在慈善行为动因认知方面存在差异；3.不同等级运动员在慈善行为评价认知方面存在差异；4.运动员利他型动因认知和慈善行为评价认知呈中度正相关；5.不同等级运动员在慈善行为实施方面存在差异,经济实力有限和缺少空余时间是制约运动员实施慈善行为的主要因素。
[Abstract]:Objective: charitable behavior is the behavior of individual to promote the welfare of others by providing aid or material donation, but there are few researches on charity behavior of athletes at home and abroad. Based on the theory of social cognition and taking the cognition and participation of athletes' charitable behavior as the research theme, this paper discusses the concept of charity behavior of different athletes from different groups of athletes of different events and levels in China. In order to solve the problem of why Chinese athletes participate in charity and how to participate in charity, this paper explores the cognitive differences in the three aspects of charity behavior motivation and evaluation, and explores the consciousness, motivation, ways, approaches and influencing factors of charity behavior. How to better participate in charity and so on. Methods: a self-designed questionnaire on the participation and Cognition of athletes' Charitable behavior was used to investigate the athletes from the national team, the provincial and municipal teams, and the high-level sports teams of colleges and universities, and the athletes from different professional sports teams. Know the true state of his charity. Through the statistical analysis of 116 valid sample data, the differences among athletes of different grades in the cognition of concept of charity behavior, the cognition of motivation of charity behavior and the cognition of evaluation of charity behavior were analyzed. Results: in the aspect of charity behavior cognition of athletes, the concept of charity behavior is divided into donation category, voluntary service category and environmental protection category. Athletes' recognition of charity behavior in donation category is higher than that in voluntary service category and environmental protection category. "donated Hope Primary School" has the highest score in all the items of conceptual cognitive dimension, and there are three types of athletes' charitable behavior motivation: positive other type, self-interest type and fuzzy type. The average score of international athletes in the cognition of altruistic motivation is obviously higher than that of first-class athletes and second-class athletes in this part. The average score of self-interest motivation of second-level athletes is higher than that of other athletes in this part; the average of international athletes, national athletes and first-class athletes' charitable behavior evaluation cognitive score is higher than the overall average. The average score of the second-level athletes is lower than the overall average. The evaluation of charity behavior by international athletes is higher than that of sports stars.) the current situation of charity behavior implementation of athletes is as follows: the attention of athletes to social charity events is low, the average annual donation number is 1-4 times; The charity behavior of athletes is mainly direct donation, the participation of volunteer service is less; the information of charity activities mainly comes from the network and television; it affects the international level. The most important factor for national athletes to participate in charity donation is "lack of spare time", "limited economic strength", and "limited economic strength" is the key factor affecting the participation of second-level athletes in charitable donation. Among the factors that affect athletes' participation in volunteer service, "lack of spare time", "lack of publicity for volunteer recruitment activities" and "not knowing the ways to do volunteer work" have the greatest influence. Conclusion: 1. There are differences in the concept of charity behavior between athletes of different levels. There are differences in the cognition of charity behavior motivation among athletes of different levels. There are differences in cognition of charity behavior evaluation among athletes of different levels. Athletes' altruistic motivation cognition and charity behavior evaluation cognition showed moderate positive correlation (5. 5%). There are differences in the implementation of charity behavior among athletes of different levels, and limited economic strength and lack of spare time are the main factors restricting athletes to carry out charitable behavior.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D632.9

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