应急管理中的“脆弱性”与“抗逆力”:从隐喻到功能实现

发布时间：2018-06-17 10:17

本文选题：脆弱性 + 抗逆力　；参考：《公共管理学报》2017年04期

【摘要】："脆弱性"和"抗逆力"作为应急管理领域中两个具有隐喻属性的多学科概念,其发展沿革是一个学科集成化和内涵扩展的过程,但长期以来存在定义不清甚至混用的情况。对此,本文立足于交叉学科的视角,基于"原子图谱法"的数据统计指标提炼出客观聚焦心像,基于已有概念演进过程的回溯与考量提取出质性指标,从而在综合集成主客观信息的基础上实现概念内涵与外延的精准勾勒。研究显示,"脆弱性"和"抗逆力"相互独立并交互影响,是一种依据具体情境而变化的动态存在。其中,"脆弱性"强调暴露于特定情境时,由于系统对多重扰动的敏感性而呈现出的一种易受损害的可能性,在人地耦合系统的交互过程中以抵抗不利影响、实现适应性和恢复力的动态过程量为显著表征,是一种随时空演进而动态变化的多重循环属性。而"抗逆力"概念外延比"脆弱性"更为广泛,强调系统能够积极抗御和适应风险灾害的冲击,既包括通过风险因素与保护因素的互动机制发挥自组织作用的内在特质,也包括在动态的应对过程中,通过多样性策略调用冗余资源和启动重构,以快速实现减灾和恢复常态的能力。
[Abstract]:As two metaphorical concepts of metaphorical attributes in the field of emergency management, the development and evolution of "vulnerability" and "resistance" are a process of integration and expansion of a subject. However, there is a long term of unclear definition and even mixed use. Objective focus image is extracted from the objective focus image. Based on the backtracking and consideration of the existing conceptual evolution process, the qualitative indexes are extracted, and the concept connotation and extension are accurately outlined on the basis of integrated subjective and objective information. The research shows that "vulnerability" and "resistance" are independent and interactive, which are based on specific situations. There is a dynamic existence. Among them, "vulnerability" emphasizes the possibility that the system is exposed to the sensitivity of multiple disturbances when exposed to a particular situation. In the interaction process of the human earth coupling system, the dynamic process of realizing adaptability and resilience is characterized by resistance to adverse effects, and it is a kind of evolution with time and space evolution. While the concept of "resistance" is more extensive than "vulnerability", it emphasizes that the system can actively resist and adapt to the impact of risk disasters, including both the inherent characteristics of the self-organization function through the interaction mechanism of risk factors and protection factors, and the diversity strategy in the dynamic response process. Call redundant resources and start reconfiguration to achieve rapid reduction and restoration of normal capabilities.
【作者单位】：上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院;上海交通大学中国城市治理研究院应急管理研究中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(71371122) 国家哲学社会科学基金重大研究项目(14ZDB152)
【分类号】：D63

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