信访乱象视野下的基层民主困境与出路

发布时间：2018-06-20 23:07

本文选题：信访乱象 + 基层民主　；参考：《湘潭大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：当下中国经济迅速发展,但同时也遭遇了经济“新常态”的转型期,中国社会矛盾呈现不断增多和激化的趋势。在这样的背景下,政治稳定和社会稳定,成为全党及全社会不得不研究的重要课题。在仔细分析中国政治制度及其运行模式的基础上,可以认定基层民主是解决社会矛盾最有力、最有效的制度形式,更是成本最低的一种民主制度安排。但是我们不得不承认基层民主还存在很多问题,而相关学术研究却只是就基层民主谈基层民主,就基层民主的具体问题讨论基层民主的具体问题,就今天现有的问题谈现有的问题,很难分析出基层民主制度深层次的困境。因此,只有将基层民主放在一个与其相关的民主形式范畴中,放在一个解决社会矛盾的所有模式体系中,总之是在一个更为开阔的视野中,才有可能更加接近基层民主的深层矛盾和逻辑,才有可能认识基层民主面对的深层问题,并予分析和解释。任何社会矛盾的化解方式无非三种:第一,透过基层民主的方式(包括基层社团、民间组织等等),将矛盾化解于无形;第二,通过信访以及司法等途径(包括行政调解等),得以在和缓的正常程序内解决;第三,不可否认,在以上两种方式都无法解决的情况下,极少一部分民众或将铤而走险选择对抗甚至暴力手段来谋求解决。这三种解决社会矛盾的形式,很显然存在很强的相关性,那就是采用冲突和信访等解决方式的民众越多,就越证明选择基层民主的越少。也就是说,在现实生活中人们经常无法通过基础性的民主形式——基层民主——来实现自身的民主权利,反而更多地通过救济手段来维护自身权益,形成了一种“本末倒置”或者说“反客为主”的现状。这样一种情况的存在,一定是因为基层民主出了一些问题,所以才造成人们不信任它,从而不首选它来实现自身权益的情况,反而转投信访制度这一作为补充的民主权利救济制度。因此,信访乱象存在的原因提示我们:一方面,基层民主自身的制度建设需要进一步加强;另一方面也要提供比较好的外部环境:诸如保障法定的权限,规范政府权力的介入、更加容忍基层民主的“试错”等。最终使得基层民主和信访制度都能各归其位,更好的保障人民的民主权利。
[Abstract]:At present, China's economy is developing rapidly, but at the same time, it has also encountered the transition period of "new normal" of economy. In this context, political stability and social stability, the whole party and the whole society have to study an important subject. On the basis of careful analysis of China's political system and its operating mode, we can conclude that grass-roots democracy is the most effective and effective form of system to solve social contradictions, and it is also a kind of democratic institutional arrangement with the lowest cost. However, we have to admit that there are still many problems in grass-roots democracy. However, relevant academic studies only talk about grass-roots democracy on the basis of grass-roots democracy, and discuss the specific problems of grass-roots democracy on the specific issue of grass-roots democracy. It is difficult to analyze the deep dilemma of grassroots democracy. Therefore, it is only in the context of a democratic form associated with it that grass-roots democracy is placed in a system of all models for resolving social contradictions, and in a broader perspective, Only then can we approach the deep contradiction and logic of grass-roots democracy, understand the deep problems faced by grass-roots democracy, and analyze and explain it. There are only three ways to resolve any social contradiction: first, to resolve the contradiction to the invisible through the grass-roots democratic means (including grass-roots associations, civil society organizations, etc.); and second, Through such channels as letters and visits and justice (including administrative mediation, etc.), they can be resolved within the normal process of conciliation; third, it is undeniable that in the case of neither of the above ways, Very few people may be desperate to choose confrontation or even violent means to seek solutions. There is a strong correlation among these three forms of resolving social contradictions, that is, the more people adopt conflict and petition solutions, the less people will prove to choose grassroots democracy. That is to say, in real life, people often cannot realize their democratic rights through the basic form of democracy, that is, grass-roots democracy. Instead, they often use relief means to safeguard their own rights and interests. Formed a kind of "put the cart before the horse" or "reverse guest-oriented" status quo. The existence of such a situation must be because there are some problems with grass-roots democracy, which is why people do not trust it and thus do not first choose it to realize their own rights and interests. Instead, the system of letters and visits as a supplement to the relief system of democratic rights. Therefore, the reasons for the existence of the petition disorder suggest us: on the one hand, the institutional construction of grass-roots democracy itself needs to be further strengthened; on the other hand, it is necessary to provide a better external environment: such as safeguarding the legal authority and regulating the intervention of government power. More tolerance of grassroots democracy, "trial and error" and so on. Finally, the grassroots democracy and petition system can return to their respective positions, and better protect the democratic rights of the people.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D632.8

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