底线平等理念在我国社会福利制度中的运用

发布时间：2018-07-12 08:32

本文选题：社会福利 + 社会福利权利　；参考：《西南民族大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来的30多年,随着中国经济的发展和公民生活需求的快速增长,政府用于民生福利方面的支出在飞速增长,但出现在养老领域、医疗领域、教育领域、住房领域和其他领域的民生类问题仍然十分突出,导致广大公民对政府在社会福利方面的建设并不是很满意。更为严重的是,虽然有关民生福利方面的各种投入比例一直在持续性增加,但是社会福利资源分配的不平等、社会福利制度运行的体系不健全等问题依然没有较为合理的解决方案。其主要原因还应归咎于我国的社会福利资源分配制度中存在的分割制差别。有学者指出,城镇员工社会保险、城镇居民养老保险、城镇居民医疗保险,城市低保制度和社会救助项目等五大用在城镇员工和居民的社会福利项目占据了我国大部分的社会福利支出额,[1]而城乡分割的社会福利制度的存在,让农民和农民工等社会弱势群体所享有的社会福利资源就远远低于城镇职工和居民,这就有违社会平等。因此,为了增进公民福利,提高公民对社会福利建设的满意度,当前中国社会福利制度建设的最终目标就是要加快构建与我国经济水平相平衡的社会福利制度。改革完善我国社会福利制度的关键问题就是要打破城乡之间、区域之间和行业之间的制度性差别,让人人都能享有平等的社会福利资源。为了能更好的保障社会福利资源的平等化,从法律层面也应该有所体现,这就需要把公民福利上升到权利高度并规定进相关法律条文中加以保护。基于此,笔者建议将“底线平等”理念运用到我国的社会福利制度中,并以此理念为基础结合中国社会发展的实际情况,重构我国的社会福利制度。该理念分为底线以上和底线以下两部分,其主旨就是要体现出社会福利的平等化原则和积极差别的原则,兼顾公民的共同需要和特殊需要。该理念提倡打破现存差别对待的福利制度,以社会全体公民实际需要为基础,使得福利支出更多地去保护急需福利资源的弱势群体,而不是补贴福利过剩的富人,以“底线平等”来减小不同群体间占有社会福利资源的差距。所以,以“底线平等”理念重构之后的、符合中国实际的福利制度应当是能够保障社会全体公民所需要的基本的福利需求,让社会福利资源的分配更加合理、合法化,充分保障特殊群体福利资源的享有率,让社会全体公民的福祉有所提高,让我们的社会生活更加和谐更加稳定。
[Abstract]:In the more than 30 years since the reform and opening up, with the development of China's economy and the rapid growth of the citizens' living needs, the government spending on people's livelihood and welfare has been increasing rapidly, but it has appeared in the fields of old-age care, medical care, and education. Housing and other areas of livelihood problems are still very prominent, resulting in the majority of citizens in the construction of social welfare in the government is not very satisfied. What is more serious is that, although the proportion of various kinds of inputs related to people's livelihood and welfare has been increasing continuously, the distribution of social welfare resources is not equal. There are still no reasonable solutions to the problems such as the unsoundness of the social welfare system. The main reason should also be attributed to the division of social welfare resources distribution system. Some scholars have pointed out that social insurance for urban employees, old-age insurance for urban residents, medical insurance for urban residents, Five major social welfare projects, such as the urban minimum security system and social assistance projects, which are used for urban employees and residents, account for the majority of the social welfare expenditure in China, [1] and the existence of the urban-rural social welfare system, The social welfare resources enjoyed by social vulnerable groups such as farmers and migrant workers are far lower than those of urban workers and residents, which is contrary to social equality. Therefore, in order to enhance citizens' welfare and improve their satisfaction with the construction of social welfare, the ultimate goal of the construction of China's social welfare system is to accelerate the construction of a social welfare system balanced with the economic level of our country. The key problem to reform and perfect our social welfare system is to break the institutional differences between urban and rural areas and industries so that everyone can enjoy equal social welfare resources. In order to better ensure the equality of social welfare resources, it should also be reflected from the legal level, which needs to raise the welfare of citizens to the level of rights and provide protection in the relevant legal provisions. Based on this, the author suggests that the concept of "bottom line equality" should be applied to the social welfare system of our country, and on the basis of this idea, the social welfare system of our country should be reconstructed in combination with the actual situation of social development in China. The idea is divided into two parts: above the bottom line and below the bottom line. Its main idea is to embody the principle of equality of social welfare and the principle of positive difference, and to give consideration to the common needs and special needs of citizens. The idea is to break down the existing differential welfare system, based on the actual needs of all citizens of society, so that welfare spending is more to protect vulnerable groups in urgent need of welfare resources than to subsidize the rich with excess benefits. To reduce the gap of social welfare resources among different groups by "bottom line equality". Therefore, after the reconstruction of the concept of "bottom line equality", the welfare system in line with the reality of China should be able to protect the basic welfare needs needed by all citizens of society and make the distribution of social welfare resources more reasonable and legalized. Fully guarantee the enjoyment rate of welfare resources for special groups, improve the welfare of all citizens and make our social life more harmonious and stable.
【学位授予单位】：西南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D632.1

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