政府购买社会组织公共服务中的风险管理研究
发布时间：2018-08-27 18:19
【摘要】：随着政府改革的日益加深,“小政府、大社会”的治理模式已经成为社会发展的必然趋势。政府加速退出生产领域,将公共服务交由更加高效和专业的社会组织提供。我国自1996年开始了政府与社会组织在提供公共服务方面的合作实践,至今已快20年。近年来双方的合作取得了阶段性进步,特别是十八大召开以来,国家围绕“政府购买服务”出台了一系列重要指导性文件,指明未来五年政府购买作为创新社会管理的重要方式将得到大力推广。在中央政策大大力倡导下,我国各地政府纷纷加大了公共服务的购买力度。通过向社会组织购买的方式提供公共服务,即将服务的“提供者”与“生产者”分离,有利于实现政府职能转型、让社会公众享受更优质的公共服务,也让普遍面临资金困难问题的社会组织获得了持续发展的动力。然而政府购买并不一定是保质保量的。我国政府购买服务的过程中遭遇了许多困境,不仅导致一些公共服务的产出低质低效,造成公共资源的浪费,还损害了社会大众的利益,致使政府公信力的下降,公众与社会组织之间隔阂加深,影响社会的和谐稳定。这些损失之所以会出现,其根源既包括法律制度缺失造成的监管失效,也包括价值观扭曲导致的政府寻租、合同双方合谋利益,还包括社会组织力量薄弱导致的无力履行合同等。针对目前实践中遭遇的困境,本论文尝试将风险管理理论引入政府购买社会组织公共服务的过程之中,系统化的分析政府购买的计划、甄选、实施、评估四大环节中的潜在风险因素,找出风险的形成原因。本文借鉴英、美、日及香港地区的先进经验,从提高意识、完善制度法律和加强主体能力建设等角度提出风险防范、控制、转移的方法,力求尽量减少风险因素对公共服务质量的影响。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of government reform, the governance model of "small government, big society" has become an inevitable trend of social development. The government quickens its withdrawal from production and transfers public services to more efficient and professional social organizations. It has been nearly 20 years since the 18th National Congress of the CPC. In particular, since the 18th National Congress, the state has issued a series of important guiding documents on "government purchase of services", indicating that government purchase as an important way to innovate social management in the next five years will be vigorously promoted. Governments around the country have increased the purchase of public services. By purchasing public services from social organizations, the separation of "providers" and "producers" of services is conducive to the transformation of government functions, to enable the public to enjoy better public services, and to make social groups generally facing financial difficulties. Our government has encountered many difficulties in the process of purchasing services, which not only leads to the low quality and inefficiency of some public services, resulting in the waste of public resources, but also damages the interests of the public, resulting in the decline of the credibility of the government, the public and the community. The causes of these losses include not only the failure of supervision caused by the absence of legal system, but also the government rent-seeking caused by the distortion of values, the conspiracy of both parties to the contract, and the inability to perform the contract caused by the weak strength of social organizations. This paper attempts to introduce risk management theory into the process of government purchasing public services of social organizations, systematically analyze the planning, selection, implementation and evaluation of potential risk factors in the four links, and find out the causes of the risks. In order to minimize the impact of risk factors on the quality of public services, the author puts forward the methods of risk prevention, control and transfer from the perspectives of high awareness, perfecting the system law and strengthening the capacity building of the main body.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630;D632.9
[Abstract]:With the deepening of government reform, the governance model of "small government, big society" has become an inevitable trend of social development. The government quickens its withdrawal from production and transfers public services to more efficient and professional social organizations. It has been nearly 20 years since the 18th National Congress of the CPC. In particular, since the 18th National Congress, the state has issued a series of important guiding documents on "government purchase of services", indicating that government purchase as an important way to innovate social management in the next five years will be vigorously promoted. Governments around the country have increased the purchase of public services. By purchasing public services from social organizations, the separation of "providers" and "producers" of services is conducive to the transformation of government functions, to enable the public to enjoy better public services, and to make social groups generally facing financial difficulties. Our government has encountered many difficulties in the process of purchasing services, which not only leads to the low quality and inefficiency of some public services, resulting in the waste of public resources, but also damages the interests of the public, resulting in the decline of the credibility of the government, the public and the community. The causes of these losses include not only the failure of supervision caused by the absence of legal system, but also the government rent-seeking caused by the distortion of values, the conspiracy of both parties to the contract, and the inability to perform the contract caused by the weak strength of social organizations. This paper attempts to introduce risk management theory into the process of government purchasing public services of social organizations, systematically analyze the planning, selection, implementation and evaluation of potential risk factors in the four links, and find out the causes of the risks. In order to minimize the impact of risk factors on the quality of public services, the author puts forward the methods of risk prevention, control and transfer from the perspectives of high awareness, perfecting the system law and strengthening the capacity building of the main body.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630;D632.9
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