相同劳动力和资本投入是否带来相同收入:来自丹江口库区河南移民的证据

发布时间：2018-10-14 16:48

【摘要】：本文利用南水北调工程丹江口库区河南移民的8个村、122个样本户以及相邻的8个原住民村、120个样本户的调查问卷,分析了移民的收入水平和收入结构,度量了人力资本和社会资本削弱对移民收入的影响。无论利用线性估计还是对数估计都发现,影响移民收入水平的主要因素是资本、劳动力、劳动力受教育年限,而土地未通过统计显著性检验。这一点与过去大部分文献认为因土地资源被剥夺而导致移民贫困化的观察有很大不同。利用移民和原住民的混合样本估计发现,导致移民和原住民收入差异的主要原因是移民的资本收益率和劳动收益率较原住民低。移民资本收益率低是因为移民的种植技能不如原住民高,先前习得的农业生产经验在迁入地不是很适用,其种植业面临的风险和亏损面比原住民要大。移民劳动回报率低主要是因为移民作为外来者,与原住民相比更难在本地找到工作。此外,教师与政府工作人员等一些职位也更容易由原住民获得。这种差异反映了两者在社会网络和社会资本上的差异。
[Abstract]:Based on the questionnaire of 8 villages, 122 sample households, 8 aboriginal villages and 120 sample households in Danjiangkou Reservoir area of the South-to-North Water transfer Project, this paper analyzes the income level and income structure of the immigrants. The impact of weakening human capital and social capital on the income of immigrants is measured. Both linear and logarithmic estimates show that the main factors affecting the income level of immigrants are capital and labor education years, but land has not passed the statistical significance test. This is quite different from the observation in the past that deprivation of land resources has led to the impoverishment of immigrants. Using mixed sample estimates of immigrants and aborigines, it is found that the main reason for the difference in income between immigrants and aborigines is that the return on capital and labor of immigrants is lower than that of aborigines. The low rate of return on migrant capital is due to the fact that the planting skills of the immigrants are not as good as those of the aborigines, that the previously acquired experience of agricultural production is not very applicable in the resettlement areas, and that the risks and losses faced by the farming industry are greater than those of the aborigines. The low rate of return on migrant labour is mainly due to the fact that immigrants, as outsiders, find it harder to find jobs locally than aborigines. In addition, some positions, such as teachers and government workers, are more accessible to Aboriginal people. The difference reflects the difference in social network and social capital.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院农村发展研究所;
【基金】：“河南省南水北调丹江口库区移民村级社会治理创新研究”课题的部分成果
【分类号】：D632.4;F323.6;F323.8

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