官员越轨行为的社会病理研究

发布时间：2018-12-17 01:08

【摘要】：官员是社会中既普通又特殊的群体。官员和其他社会成员一样,以推进社会发展进步为目标;同时官员在社会发展中承担着“指挥家”的角色,引导社会发展的方向。官员这一特殊角色在面临角色冲突、利益冲突和心理冲突时,存在越来越大比重的群体产生越轨行为。官员的行为规范要高于社会成员的一般社会规范,更易发生越轨行为。官员越轨包括官员的败德、违纪、违法和犯罪行为,形成其独特的越轨文化,对社会机制的协调运转产生影响。作为一种社会病理现象,官员越轨不单是官员个体单独的主观行动,而是社会运行机制运作过程中失调的结果。官员越轨行为的社会病理机制在于社会运行系统在运作过程中失调。官员越轨产生于不合理的私欲膨胀,越轨官员逾越了公共权力与私人权利的边界,将国家赋予的公权视作自己手中的私权,私用公权、滥用公权。官员越轨行为在道德退行的环境下滋长,“物质主义”、“享乐主义”使得一些官员贪图享受、追求奢靡。道德约束力下降,使官员的败德行为愈发突出。社会控制手段乏力、社会免疫失效使他们失去了最后一道屏障,在不健康的人情观念的影响下,官场形成圈子文化,某些意志力薄弱的官员逐渐被侵蚀,一步步走向越轨和犯罪的深渊。由于官员社会角色的特殊性,官员越轨产生的影响更为广泛和深刻。作为国家公共事务执行者的官员一旦发生权力越轨,会削弱党的治理基础和政权的合法性。官员利用公权谋私利,引起公共资源分配不均,阻碍经济发展。官员越轨群体内部形成“圈子”,削弱道德的育化功能,扭曲了价值观念。部分官员迫于压力、面子,在纪检部门查处的过程中跳楼、自杀,企图以死逃避责任,引起社会心理的畸变。通过对官员越轨行为产生的病理机制的研究,官员越轨行为必须加以扭转和消除。严格划分公私领域,确立权力的公共属性;建立健全权力约束机制,加强权力运行的社会监督;从官员自身和家庭以及社会环境入手,从根本上抑制官员越轨的动机,在推进民主改革过程中扭转和消除官员越轨。要保障社会有机体的健康运行,消除社会病态现象的影响,不仅要从源头上揪出“病根”,纠正思想观念;而且还要在过程中积极“治疗”;更应做好愈后保障,为越轨做好监督和预警。用法律手段惩罚越轨者和犯罪者,用道德约束和教化未越轨者,形成良好的社会文化,促使社会有机体向着健康方向发展。
[Abstract]:Officials are both ordinary and special groups in society. Officials, like other social members, aim at promoting social development and progress, while officials play the role of "conductor" in social development and guide the direction of social development. When the special role of official is confronted with conflict of role, conflict of interest and psychological conflict, there are more and more groups which produce deviant behavior. The behavior norms of officials are higher than the general social norms of social members, more prone to deviant behavior. Officials deviant from morality, discipline, law and crime, forming their unique culture of transgression, which has an impact on the coordinated operation of social mechanisms. As a social pathological phenomenon, official deviance is not only the individual subjective action of officials, but also the result of maladjustment in the operation of social operation mechanism. The social pathological mechanism of officials' deviant behavior lies in the maladjustment of social operation system. Officials deviant from the unreasonable expansion of selfish desire, deviant officials exceed the boundaries of public power and private rights, the public power given by the state as their own private rights, private use of public power, abuse of public power. Officials' deviant behavior grows under the environment of moral retreat. "materialism" and "hedonism" make some officials want to enjoy and pursue extravagance. The decline of moral binding force makes the official's behavior more prominent. The weak means of social control and the failure of social immunity made them lose the last barrier. Under the influence of unhealthy concept of human feelings, the officialdom formed a circle culture, and some officials with weak willpower were gradually eroded. Step by step to the abyss of transgression and crime. Due to the particularity of officials' social role, the influence of officials' deviance is more extensive and profound. As the executor of the public affairs of the state, once the power deviates, it will weaken the foundation of the party's governance and the legitimacy of the regime. Officials use public power for personal gain, causing uneven distribution of public resources and hindering economic development. Officials deviate from the group to form "circle", weaken the function of moral education, and distort the values. Under pressure and face, some officials jumped from buildings and committed suicide in the process of investigation and punishment by discipline inspection departments, attempting to evade responsibility by death, causing social and psychological distortion. Through the study of the pathological mechanism of officials' deviant behavior, officials'deviant behavior must be reversed and eliminated. Strictly dividing the public and private fields, establishing the public attribute of power, establishing and perfecting the power restraint mechanism, strengthening the social supervision of the power operation; Starting with the officials themselves, their families and the social environment, we should fundamentally restrain the motives of officials' deviance, and reverse and eliminate the officials' deviations in the course of promoting democratic reform. In order to ensure the healthy operation of social organism and eliminate the influence of social morbid phenomenon, we should not only find out the root of the disease from the source, correct the idea, but also actively "treat" in the process. We should do a good job of protection after the recovery, to do a good job of supervision and early warning of transgressions. To punish offenders and offenders by legal means, to form a good social culture and to promote the development of social organisms towards health by moral restraint and indoctrination of those who do not commit transgressions.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D630.3

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