对重特大事故案例研究的认识与思考——基于安全管理和应急管理相结合的视角

发布时间：2018-12-30 10:59

【摘要】：开展重特大事故案例研究,可为重特大事故防范应对工作提供最直接最有力的理论技术支撑,也是现阶段推动应急管理和安全科学专业理论方法发展完善的重要途径。鉴于重特大事故自身特点和防范应对重特大事故的实践需求,应从安全管理和应急管理相结合的视角,着眼于事故孕育、发生、发展、演化及其应对处置的全过程,综合运用管理科学和工程技术科学的理论和方法开展跨学科研究。重特大事故案例研究及其成果应用的完整过程实则是从实践到理论再从理论到实践的认识论循环,在案例研究设计、实施和成果运用过程中应注意解决好案例边界确定、资料收集分析方法选用、应对事故调查的潜在影响、克服潜在偏见以及丰富研究成果表现形式等方面问题。随着不断探索研究过程中跨学科研究团队和理论方法的形成以及研究资料成果的积累丰富,当前制约重特大事故案例研究及其成果应用的主要问题(缺乏多案例比较研究、关键细节难以获取、多学科研究视角方法和成果难以有效整合等)会逐步得以解决。
[Abstract]:The case study of serious and serious accidents can provide the most direct and powerful theoretical and technical support for the prevention and response of serious and serious accidents. It is also an important way to promote the development and perfection of the theoretical methods of emergency management and safety science at this stage. In view of the characteristics of serious and serious accidents and the practical requirements of preventing and responding to serious and serious accidents, the whole process of accident gestation, occurrence, development, evolution and response and disposal should be focused on from the perspective of combining safety management with emergency management. Comprehensive use of management science and engineering technology science theory and methods to carry out interdisciplinary research. The complete process of case study and its application of serious and serious accidents is actually an epistemological cycle from practice to theory and from theory to practice. In the course of case study design, implementation and application of results, attention should be paid to the determination of case boundaries. Data collection and analysis methods are selected to deal with the potential impact of accident investigation, to overcome potential prejudice and to enrich the forms of research results. With the formation of interdisciplinary research teams and theoretical methods and the accumulation of abundant research data in the process of continuous exploration and research, the current major problems (lack of multi-case comparative study) restrict the application of the case studies of serious and serious accidents. Key details are difficult to obtain, and multidisciplinary research perspectives and results are difficult to effectively integrate) will be gradually resolved.
【作者单位】：《中国应急管理》编辑部;中国安全生产科学研究院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金重大研究专项集成平台项目“突发事件应急准备与应急预案体系研究”(编号:91024031);国家自然科学基金重点项目“非常规突发事件应急准备体系的构成及其评估理论与方法”(编号:90924303)
【分类号】：D63

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