我国网络募捐治理初探

发布时间：2019-01-01 10:32

【摘要】：近年来，我国互联网技术高速发展，一种全新的基于网络的慈善模式——“网络募捐”正在迅速兴起。郭美美事件之后，具有官方背景的公益机构在民众中的公信力一落千丈，而另一方面，网络募捐却欣欣向荣。“网络募捐”以网络作为参与的平台，能够吸引更多的参与者，提高公众对于公益慈善事业的关注度，，降低了参与的门槛。众多富有爱心的网友的存在，使得越来越多的人在生活中遭受重大困难之时，绕过传统的慈善机构，选择成本低、见效快的网络平台进行求助。“网络募捐”有效地弥补了传统慈善捐助的不足，但其自身的缺失性也引发了广泛的关注。治理，是当前社会的主题词，引入治理视角来解决网络募捐发展中的问题具有一定的现实意义，对推动社会公益慈善事业的发展具有重要的作用。本文在第一部分介绍了选题背景、选题意义、研究现状、研究框架、研究方法、论文创新点。第二部分对网络募捐及其治理进行了概况介绍（包括募捐、网络募捐、网络募捐治理），为下一步研究的展开奠定了基础。第三部分介绍了我国网络募捐治理的基本现状，并分析了网络募捐治理存在的问题。第四部分深入分析了我国网络募捐治理存在问题的原因，包括：政府角色定位模糊；公益组织自身发展不足，与政府关系模糊；信息公开、透明机制未建立；多元监管机制处于空白状态；多元主体各自为战，治理效率低下。第五部分结合我国实际情况，提出了应采取合作共治模式，并分析了构建此种模式的难点，指出了合作共治模式构建的具体路径，即：准确界定各主体角色和行为规范、建立合作互惠的共识和行动策略、有效制度安排保障合作共治模式的构建、实行网络化治理方式、改进合作模式。作为新生的事物，网络募捐的确存在着种种不足，但它的确也让公众看到了希望。通过研究，笔者期望构建出网络募捐的治理模式，在政府、公益组织、网络募捐渠道和支持性机构、企业和个人的合作共治下，网络募捐能够蓬勃发展，在和谐社会构建的过程中发挥更加积极的作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of Internet technology in China, a new network-based charity model-"Network fundraising" is rising rapidly. After Guo Meimei, the credibility of public welfare organizations with official background has plummeted. On the other hand, online fundraising has flourished. Taking the network as the platform of participation, "network fundraising" can attract more participants, raise public attention to public charity, and lower the threshold of participation. The existence of many loving netizens makes more and more people face great difficulties in their lives, bypass the traditional charity, and choose the low-cost and fast effective network platform for help. Network fundraising can effectively make up for the deficiency of traditional charitable donation, but its lack has also aroused widespread concern. Governance is the theme word of the current society. It is of practical significance to introduce the perspective of governance to solve the problems in the development of network donation, which plays an important role in promoting the development of social public welfare and philanthropy. The first part of this paper introduces the background, significance, research status, research framework, research methods and innovation of the paper. The second part introduces the network collection and its governance, which lays the foundation for the next research. The third part introduces the basic status of the network fundraising governance in China, and analyzes the existing problems in the network fundraising governance. The fourth part deeply analyzes the causes of the problems in the governance of network donation in China, including: the government's role is vague; the public welfare organization's own development is insufficient, the relationship with the government is fuzzy; the information is open and the transparent mechanism has not been established; The pluralistic supervision mechanism is in blank state; the pluralistic main body is fighting on its own, and the governance efficiency is low. In the fifth part, according to the actual situation of our country, the author puts forward the mode of cooperative co-treatment, analyzes the difficulties of constructing the model, and points out the concrete path to construct the cooperative co-treatment mode, that is, to define the roles of each subject and the norms of behavior accurately. To establish the common understanding and action strategy of cooperation and reciprocity, to make effective system arrangement to guarantee the construction of cooperative co-governance mode, to implement the mode of network governance and to improve the mode of cooperation. As a new thing, online fundraising does have shortcomings, but it does offer hope to the public. Through the research, the author expects to build a governance model of online fund-raising. Under the cooperation of the government, public welfare organizations, online fund-raising channels and supportive organizations, enterprises and individuals, the network fundraising can flourish. In the process of building a harmonious society to play a more active role.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D632.9

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