基于注意力配置视角下的政府议程设置研究

发布时间：2019-02-16 21:22

【摘要】：议程设置是政府公共政策制定的关键环节之一,也是公共政策制定科学化的第一道关口。议程设置是决定着哪些议题能够进入政府的决策议程,哪些议题被排除在政府决策的大门之外。因此在议程设置过程中,如何选择议题、选择什么议题对公共政策制定的正确性具有决定性作用。特别是在这样一个信息爆炸的社会,我们能获取的信息极度丰富。而且随着互联网、信息传播技术的发展,我们获取信息的途径更多、更便捷。因此不管是普通决策者还是政府,做出一个决策需要更多的资源,特别是稀缺的注意力,做高效正确的决策也变得更困难。作为有限理性组织的政府,其注意力的有限性,使其不能获取所有信息,处理信息的能力也受到约束。信息和注意力之间的张力越来越大,注意力的有限性对政府议程设置的约束也愈加明显。在议程设置过程中,从信息的海洋中,发现问题和选择议题就变得更加困难。因此,把注意力作为政府议程设置的影响因素,从政府注意力配置的视角研究政府议程设置,不仅可以丰富议程设置理论,也可以为提高政府议程设置的科学化民主化提供保障。注意力配置是在刺激因素的作用下,注意力动态的、过程性的分配过程。在政府注意力分配过程中,政府注意力配置受到组织因素、决策者个人因素、社会因素和公共危机、焦点事件的影响。根据这些影响因素在注意力配置过程中的作用程度,把影响力最大的定义为主导因素,再依据主导因素的不同,把政府注意力配置分为四种模式：政府注意力配置价值取向模式、政府注意力配置宽度约束模式、政府注意力配置焦点转换模式和政府注意力配置固定模式。而后在具体的议程设置案例中,分析在不同的注意力配置模式下,各因素影响政府议程设置的机理,现阶段我国政府议程设置的不足及原因。针对现阶段我国政府注意力配置突出的五个不足之处：制度性利益表达通道不畅、政府信息处理机制落后、政府议程设置的舆论绑架、议程设置周期过长和核心决策者的影响力过大,分别提出完善建议,包括建立利益表达的双重机制、确立信息导向的决策思维、利用大数据技术深入挖掘议题、加强媒体监管并发挥舆情监督功能和实行决策问题的分类管理机制。
[Abstract]:Agenda setting is one of the key links of government public policy making, and also the first pass of making public policy scientifically. Agenda setting determines which issues can enter the government's decision-making agenda and which are excluded from the government's decision-making. Therefore, in the process of setting the agenda, how to choose the topic and what to choose is decisive to the correctness of the public policy. Especially in such an information explosion society, we can obtain extremely rich information. And with the development of Internet and information dissemination technology, we have more and more convenient access to information. As a result, it takes more resources, especially scarce attention, to make a decision, and it becomes more difficult to make effective and correct decisions, both for ordinary decision makers and for governments. As a limited rational organization, the limited attention of the government makes it unable to obtain all information, and its ability to process information is also restricted. The tension between information and attention is increasing, and the limitation of attention has become more and more obvious to the government agenda setting. In the process of setting the agenda, it becomes more difficult to find problems and choose topics from the ocean of information. Therefore, taking attention as the influencing factor of government agenda setting and studying government agenda setting from the perspective of government attention allocation can not only enrich the theory of agenda setting. It can also guarantee the scientific democratization of the government's agenda. Attention allocation is a dynamic and process of distribution of attention under the action of stimulus factors. In the process of government attention distribution, government attention allocation is influenced by organizational factors, decision makers' personal factors, social factors and public crises, and focus events. According to the effect of these factors in the process of attention allocation, the most influential factors are defined as leading factors, and then according to the different factors, This paper divides the government attention allocation into four modes: the value orientation mode of government attention allocation, the constraint mode of government attention allocation width, the transformation mode of government attention allocation focus and the fixed mode of government attention allocation. Then, in the specific agenda setting case, this paper analyzes the mechanism of various factors influencing the government agenda setting under different attention allocation modes, and the shortcomings and reasons of the government agenda setting in our country at the present stage. In view of the five shortcomings of our government's attention allocation at the present stage: the channel of institutional interest expression is not smooth, the mechanism of government information processing is backward, the government agenda is set by public opinion kidnapping, The agenda setting cycle is too long and the core decision makers have too much influence. They put forward suggestions to improve the agenda, including the establishment of a dual mechanism for interest expression, the establishment of information-oriented decision-making thinking, and the use of big data technology to dig into the issues. Strengthen the supervision of media and give play to the function of supervision of public opinion and implement the classified management mechanism of decision-making.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D630

【相似文献】