印尼美达华人生计变迁研究

发布时间：2019-04-28 07:56

【摘要】：美达村位于苏门答腊省棉兰市市郊,是一个由1965年亚齐省爆发的9·30排华事件中被驱赶的政治难民组成的移民村落。此次事件导致近一万名依靠小商业为主要生计方式的华侨家庭瞬间倾家荡产,背井离乡,异地谋生。1965年以后的集中管控时期,面对生存危机,难侨们开始自发的组织起来进行自救,开始了长达四年的集体生活。1970年以后,美达华人有了属于自己的家园,生计方式也从集中走向了分散。美达华人通过建构新的社会关系网络,实现了生计方式从集体生产到自由创业的转变、从家庭手工业产生到现代化企业的发展,并开始出现了新兴行业。短短的几十年间,使美达村从最初的沼泽地变成了小市镇,美达华人的社会角色也实现了从最初的难民向雇佣者、创业者的转变。随着生计的不断变迁,随之而来的是族群间的互动也日益增多。美达村华人从经济活动中积累外部关系,克服了外地人身份的尴尬,逐渐融入当地华人社会。与此同时,随着关系网络的不断扩大,与原住民互动加强,最终达到民族间和谐的交融。鉴于美达华人特殊的背景,试图用民族学、人类学的方式研究美达村华人的生计变迁,在田野调查的基础上,详细还原美达村华人的奋斗史。这就弥补了在华侨华人生计研究上只重宏观概述不重细节描写的不足。同时关注美达华人生计变迁对研究华人经济网络的形成过程,分析华人经济网络具有的性质和华人如何更好的融入主流社会等有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:Meida, located on the outskirts of Mindan, Sumatra province, is an immigrant village made up of political refugees expelled from the 9 / 30 row of China in Aceh province in 1965. This incident led to nearly 10,000 overseas Chinese families who rely on small businesses as the main means of livelihood to instantly lose their property, leave their homes and make a living elsewhere. After 1965, during the period of centralized control and control, they faced the survival crisis. Overseas Chinese began to spontaneously organize themselves to help themselves, and began a four-year collective life. After 1970, the Meida Chinese had their own homes, and their means of livelihood moved from concentration to fragmentation. Through the construction of a new network of social relations, Meida Chinese realized the transformation from collective production to free entrepreneurship, from home-made handicraft industry to modern enterprises, and began to appear new industries. In just a few decades, Meida has been transformed from a swamp to a small town, and the social role of Meida Chinese has changed from the original refugees to employers and entrepreneurs. With the constant change of livelihood, the interaction between ethnic groups is increasing day by day. Meida village Chinese accumulate external relations from economic activities, overcome the embarrassment of the identity of outsiders, and gradually integrate into the local Chinese society. At the same time, with the expansion of the network, the interaction with the aborigines is strengthened, and finally the harmony between nationalities is achieved. In view of the special background of the Chinese in Meida, this paper attempts to study the changes of the livelihood of the ethnic Chinese in Meida village by means of ethnology and anthropology, and on the basis of the field investigation, restores the struggle history of the Chinese in Meida village in detail. This makes up for the lack of emphasis on the macro-overview rather than the detailed description in the study of the livelihood of overseas Chinese. At the same time, it has certain reference value to study the formation process of Chinese economic network, analyze the nature of Chinese economic network and how the Chinese better integrate into the mainstream society by paying attention to the vicissitudes of Chinese people's livelihood in Meida.
【学位授予单位】：广西民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D634

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