利率市场化条件下成都NC商业银行发展策略研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 03:10

本文关键词：利率市场化条件下成都NC商业银行发展策略研究　出处：《西南财经大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：利率,作为资金的价格,是金融体系市场化运行的基础,是金融市场实现资源的高效优化配置、风险的重新合理分配等重大功能的“无形之手”。多年来,我国在其他领域的市场化改革早已深入铺开,按市场化的价格之手来调配资源、传递供需信号已成为主流,唯独在金融领域,市场化改革严重滞后,资金的价格长期处于政府的管制状态。随着我国各方面改革向深层次推进,政府对资金价格管制的弊端越发凸显,一方面表现为以商业银行为代表的金融机构,即使不用创新、不用抓管理、不用提升服务水平,也会在巨大的存贷差中赚取暴利,过着红火的日子,使其逐渐丧失了提升竞争力、苦练内功的源动力,表现出管理水平停滞不前、业务创新乏善可陈、机构臃肿、成本高企、服务意识差等种种弊端；另一方面,表现为整个社会的资源利用效率低下,误配、错配资源现象严重,金融助推实体经济的功能、晴雨表功能、价格信号功能不仅没能有效实现,而且反过来成为其他领域深化改革的阻扰和绊脚石。在经济全球化的今天,我国经济体制的继续改革呼唤着金融体制改革的不断深化,利率市场化改革不可避免地进入快速通道。以市场竞价的方式来确定利率水准,能充分反映供需各方的利益诉求,有效地指导资源流向,从根本上提升整个社会的资源配置效率,同时为我国金融机构的做大做强提供基本动力。通过对发达国家实行市场利率的成功案例分析可知,在公平性竞争中确立的利率,能满足资源有效配置,实现多方共赢的福利最大化,持续为经济发展提供源动力。在金融体制改革不断深化的过程中,利率市场化正以越来越快的速度向前推进,这就势必给国内以信贷差为主要收入来源的传统商业银行带来极大的挑战,众多商业银行享受了多年的“铁饭碗”即将被打破,纷纷把目光投向了内部的各项改革,抓管理、调结构、促创新,以应对潜在的种种危机；同时,各大商业银行普遍意识到,自身对利率的风险定价水平较为低下,在利率市场化的条件下要想在竞争中保持优势,这方面的能力与技术瓶颈也是亟待解决的迫切问题。从长期来看,利率市场化改革将重塑中国的银行业格局,而在银行业中相对弱势的农村商业银行将会面临更大的挑战。随着我国金融体制的完善及市场化程度的提高,农村商业银行正成为中国金融参与者中不可小觑的力量。而就农村商业银行自身条件而言,相较于国有商业银行、城市商业银行、股份制银行和外资银行,无论在基础条件还是管理水平等方面,都存在一定的差距,农村商业银行在应对市场冲击和机遇把握的能力上,还有明显不足。基于此,笔者将根据自身多年实际管理工作经验,探讨利率市场化条件下类似NC银行的我国农村商业银行将面对的种种深刻变化,以及需要采取的应对措施,这对我国农村商业银行迎接即将到来的巨大挑战,进而把握历史性的机遇,尽快找准定位、找准方向,做大做强,有着重要的理论和现实意义。本文共分为四个部分：第一章主要阐述了本文的研究背景、研究意义、论文框架及主要创新点与不足；第二章进行文献综述并回顾我国利率市场化的进程；第三章具体分析成都NC商业银行的生存环境、发展现状以及利率市场化为其带来的机遇和挑战；第四章主要结合利率市场化带来的新形势,利用五力模型和SWOT模型分析成都NC商业银行的行业竞争地位,以及自身的优势、劣势、面对的机遇与威胁,构建成都NC商业银行的竞争战略并根据笔者设计的竞争战略提出成都NC商业银行应对利率市场化的各项子战略,形成具有操作性的策略与措施,使成都NC商业银行能够在即将来临的利率市场化中,未雨绸缪,头脑清醒,做好前瞻性的安排与准备,从而更有效地抵御冲击、抓住机遇、做大做强。通过本文的研究笔者认为,当前成都NC商业银行存在着市场份额偏低、业务种类单一、利息收入依赖度高、利率风险管理水平低等问题。利率市场化改革将对成都NC商业银行的经营成本、盈利模式、业务结构、风险管理及定价策略等各方面带来机遇和挑战。本文认为,现阶段成都NC商业银行应该通过积极创新金融产品和服务,瞄准细分市场,做专业化的金融服务提供商,拓展中间业务,开展多元化业务,实现业务种类转型,促使银行向混业经营方向转变,并且利用好AB保险进入的时机,建立其银保合作的平台；同时大力发展小微企业相关业务、积极开发农村金融市场、提升整体服务水平,增强创新能力、提升市场响应速度、提供定制化金融解决方案,调整优质企业客户衡量标准,在非主流的金融领域中形成自身的竞争优势；建立适应市场的风险定价体系,并强化风险管理,完善利率定价体系,建立科学的分级授权体制和严格完善的监管制度。在研究方法上,笔者采用了规范分析与实证研究相结合、定性与定量相补充的方法,在理论分析的同时,采用数据量化对比分析。笔者结合了众多国内外研究成果与我国利率市场化的具体情况,定性分析了利率市场化将给成都NC商业银行带来的影响,定量分析了成都NC商业银行的生存环境和发展现状。此外,本文在对各国对利率市场化对商业银行产生影响及采取的相应对策进行理论分析的同时采用实证分析,通过相关数据对成都NC商业银行进行SWOT分析和五力分析,进而形成成都NC商业银行的竞争策略。本文所提供的相关数据来源于中国银行业监督管理委员会年报、中国人民银行官方网站、中国统计局数据库,以及成都NC商业银行武侯支行。本文在针对市场环境,提出的成都NC商业银行改革措施方面有一定的创新性。成都NC商业银行应该重构优质客户的界定标准和准入门槛,不仅重视大型企业客户,更应重视中小型企业客户,充分发挥自身决策高效、经营灵活、服务取胜的优势；通过银行集团金融的资源搭配及适当整合,实现协同效应和规模优势；在产品研发和数据库建设中,有专门的团队针对中小企业客户群的需求,形成独特的服务能力和产品创新能力。这些结论对NC商业银行及其他类似的农村商业银行有着一定的指导和借鉴意义。由于国内相关问题可借鉴和参考的文献并不多,笔者所收集到的商业银行数据也不太完整,加上本人知识能力和时间有限,文章仍然存在很多缺陷。本人将在下一步的研究中,尽可能取得成都NC商业银行总行的相关数据,在实证部分能更充分的揭示问题；对成都NC商业银行SWOT分析和五力分析得出的各种战略进行更加深入的后续追踪分析,优化本文的研究结论。
[Abstract]:Interest rate, as the price of capital, is the basis of market-based financial system is efficient operation, optimize the allocation of financial resources to achieve the market risk, the re allocation of major function of the "invisible hand". Over the years, our country in other areas of the market reform has further spread, according to the market price of the hand to allocate resources, transfer of supply and demand signal has become mainstream, but in the field of financial market reform is seriously lagging behind, the price of capital in the long-term government control. Along with our country reform in all aspects to promote deep-seated drawbacks of the capital, the government price control become more and more important, the one hand the performance of financial institutions to commercial banks the representative, if not innovation, do not grasp the management, not to enhance the level of service, will also earn profits in the huge bad loan, a prosperous days, which gradually lost competitiveness, training The source strength, shows the management level of business innovation is stagnant, lackluster, bloated, high cost, poor sense of service and other drawbacks; on the other hand, the performance of the entire society's inefficient use of resources, mismatch, the mismatch of resources is serious, the financial boost real economy barometer function, function, price signal the function not only can effectively realize, and in turn to deepen the reform of other fields and obstruct the stumbling block.
In the economic globalization, China's economic system reform to continue calling for the deepening of financial reform, interest rate marketization reform will inevitably enter the fast passage. To determine the interest rate in market bidding, can fully reflect the interests of all parties of supply and demand, effectively guide the flow of resources, enhance the efficiency of resource allocation of the whole society fundamentally, at the same time provide strong basic power for China's financial institutions do. Through the successful case implementation of market interest rates in developed countries shows that established in the fair competition in the interest rate, to meet the effective allocation of resources, to achieve win-win benefits maximization, continue to provide the source of power for economic development.
In the process of deepening the reform of the financial system, the interest rate market is moving at a faster pace forward, this will inevitably bring great challenges to the domestic credit to the poor as the main source of income of traditional commercial banks, commercial banks enjoy many years of "a secure job" is about to be broken, have set their sights on the the reform of internal management, adjusting structure, promoting innovation, in order to cope with potential crises; at the same time, the major commercial banks generally aware of itself, the interest rate risk pricing in a relatively low level, the interest rate market to maintain the advantage in the competition, the urgent problem ability and the technical bottleneck of this the waiting to be solved.
In the long term, the interest rate marketization reform will reshape the Chinese banking landscape, but relatively weak in the banking industry in the rural commercial banks will face greater challenges. And with the improvement of the degree of marketization of China's financial system of rural commercial bank is becoming China financial participants and a force not to be underestimated. The rural commercial bank's own conditions, compared with the state-owned commercial banks, city commercial banks, joint-stock banks and foreign banks, whether in basic conditions or management level, there is a certain gap, ability and opportunity for rural commercial banks in response to the impact on the grasp of the market, there are obvious deficiencies. Based on this, the author will according to their years of practical management experience, explore the interest rate market conditions of China's rural commercial banks like NC banks will face profound changes, and the need to take It is of great theoretical and practical significance for China's rural commercial banks to meet the coming great challenges and grasp the historic opportunities, identify the location as soon as possible, find the right direction and become bigger and stronger.
This article is divided into four parts:
The first chapter mainly expounds the background of the research, the significance of the research, the framework of the paper and the main innovation points and shortcomings.
The second chapter reviews the literature review and reviews the process of China's interest rate marketization.
The third chapter analyzes the living environment of the NC commercial bank in Chengdu, the present situation and the opportunity and challenge brought by the interest rate marketization.
The fourth chapter mainly combined with the new situation brings the market interest rates, the analysis of Chengdu NC commercial bank industry competition status by using the five forces model and SWOT model, as well as their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats faced by the construction of Chengdu NC commercial bank's competitive strategy and put forward according to the Chengdu NC commercial bank with the interest rate marketization of the sub strategy the design of competitive strategy, the formation of operational strategies and measures, make Chengdu NC commercial bank in the interest rate market in the coming, rainy day, sober, well arrange and prepare prospective, so as to effectively resist impact, seize opportunities, bigger and stronger.
Through the study of the paper the author believes that the current Chengdu NC commercial bank has the market share is low, a single type of business, interest income dependent, interest rate risk management and low level. The interest rate marketization reform of Chengdu NC commercial bank operating costs, profit model, business structure, opportunities and challenges in all aspects of risk management and pricing strategy. This paper argues that the present Chengdu NC commercial bank should actively through innovative financial products and services, targeting market segments, to do specialized financial services provider, expand the intermediate business, the development of diversified business, realize the types of business transformation, prompting banks to change the operation mode, and make good use of the time to enter the insurance AB and to establish its bancassurance platform; and promoting the development of Small and micro businesses related business, and actively develop the rural financial market, improve the overall level of service, enhance a New ability, improve the response speed of the market, to provide customized financial solutions, adjustment of high quality customer standards, to form their own competitive advantage in the mainstream in the field of financial risk; establish the market pricing system, and strengthen risk management, improve the interest rate pricing system, establish a scientific classification system and strict regulatory authorization system.
In research methods, the author uses the normative analysis and empirical research, qualitative and quantitative methods are complementary, in the theoretical analysis at the same time, through quantitative data analysis. The author combines the specific situation of many domestic and foreign research results and the interest rate marketization in China, the qualitative analysis of the influence of the interest rate market will give Chengdu NC commercial banks, quantitative analysis of the current situation of Chengdu NC commercial bank's living environment and development. In addition, based on the theoretical analysis and the empirical analysis of the influence of countries and Countermeasures of commercial banks in the interest rate market, through the analysis of the SWOT analysis and five of Chengdu NC commercial bank related data. Chengdu NC commercial bank and the formation of competitive strategy. This article provided the relevant data from the China Banking Regulatory Commission report, the people's Bank of China official The website, the China Statistics Bureau database, and the Chengdu NC commercial bank Wuhou Branch.
In this paper, according to the market environment, there are some innovative Chengdu NC commercial bank reform measures put forward. Chengdu NC commercial bank should reconstruct quality customer defined standards and access threshold, not only pay attention to large enterprise customers, more attention should be paid to the small and medium enterprise customers, give full play to their own decision-making efficiency, flexible operation, service to win the advantage the Bank Group's financial resources; collocation and proper integration, achieve synergies and scale advantages; in product development and database construction, has a special team for SME customers, forming a unique service capacity and product innovation capability. These conclusions have certain guidance and reference significance for the NC commercial bank and other similar rural commercial banks.
Because not many problems related to domestic reference documents, the author collected the data of commercial bank is not complete, coupled with my knowledge and ability of the limited time, there are still many defects in the article. I will be the next step, as far as possible to obtain the relevant data of Chengdu NC commercial bank. In the empirical part can more fully reveal the problem; analyze the follow-up of more in-depth strategy of Chengdu commercial bank NC SWOT analysis and five forces analysis, optimization research conclusion of this paper.

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.5;F832.33

【参考文献】