城市商业银行股权结构与银行业绩研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 07:29

本文选题：城市商业银行 + 股权结构　；参考：《重庆大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：2012年,象山绿叶城市信用社改制为宁波东海银行,标志着我国最后一家城市信用社改制完成。时至今日,城商行已走过了十几年的发展历程。在成立之初,城商行背负着城市信用社的巨额不良贷款。为防止城商行无法偿还储户存款,引发地方金融震荡,监管部门明确要求地方政府入股城商行。也正是由于这一历史原因,城商行内普遍存在地方政府“一股独大”的现象。自2002年起,部分城商行逐渐意识到“一股独大”问题的严重性,纷纷增资扩股,引入境内外投资者,借助外力建立市场化运作机制,提高市场竞争力。增资扩股不仅增加了城商行的资本金,还改变了城商行的股权结构,但什么样的股权结构有利于提升银行业绩?地方政府在城商行经营管理中发挥着什么作用?这是本文所要研究的主要内容。城商行的市场定位是为中小企业服务,但中小企业生命周期短、管理成本高的特点导致一部分城商行偏离中小企业,将资金投向大客户、大项目。由于城商行信贷资金有限,主要在当地开展业务,将大量信贷资金投向当地大客户后容易形成贷款集中现象。结合社会普遍关注的城商行贷款集中问题,本文将对不同股权结构下贷款集中度对银行业绩的影响进行研究。首先,本文以一般公司治理理论和银行业特殊性为基础,分析了股权结构与银行业绩的关系。然后通过阅读城商行相关资料后归纳了城商行发展历程中的特征,并对城商行、股份制商业银行和国有银行的现状进行了对比分析。在实证分析中,本文广泛搜集了2005-2013年我国26个省份(含自治区、直辖市)66家城市商业银行的年报数据,用Eviews6.0建立静态面板模型,先探讨股权结构对银行业绩的影响,再引入股权结构与贷款集中度的交互项,探讨不同股权结构对贷款集中度和银行业绩关系的影响。实证结果表明:第一大股东持股比例越高,前五大股东持股比例越集中,银行业绩越差;大股东之间的制衡关系越强,银行业绩越好;贷款集中度越高,城商行业绩越差;加入股权结构与贷款集中度的交互项后发现,股权集中度和股权制衡度不影响贷款集中与银行业绩的关系,而当第一大股东为政府时会减弱贷款集中度对银行业绩的不利影响。最后,本文根据实证结果,结合我国城市商业银行经营现状,对城市商业银行未来发展提出了以下政策建议:第一,降低股权集中度,建立股东制衡机制;第二,减少地方政府干预,引入境内境外战略投资者;第三,在城商行间展开合作,降低贷款集中风险,并利用各城商行在当地的资源优势和信息优势开展业务;第四,城商行应结合自身经营状况,准确市场定位,充分发挥小银行优势。
[Abstract]:In 2012, Xiangshan Green Leaf City Credit Cooperative was transformed into Ningbo Donghai Bank, marking the completion of the last urban credit cooperative reform in China. Today, the city business has gone through more than ten years of development. At the beginning of its establishment, city banks were saddled with a huge amount of bad loans from urban credit cooperatives. In order to prevent City Commercial Bank from failing to repay depositors' deposits and trigger local financial shocks, regulators explicitly require local governments to take a stake in City Commercial Bank. It is precisely because of this historical reason that the local government's dominance is widespread in the city commercial banks. Since 2002, some city commercial banks have gradually realized the seriousness of the problem of "one share alone". They have increased capital and expanded shares one after another, introduced domestic and foreign investors, set up market-oriented operation mechanism with the help of foreign forces, and improved market competitiveness. Increasing capital and expanding shares not only increase the capital of CCB, but also change the equity structure of CCB, but what kind of equity structure is conducive to the improvement of bank performance? What role does the local government play in the operation and management of city commercial banks? This is the main content of this paper. The market orientation of city commercial bank is to serve small and medium-sized enterprises, but the characteristics of short life cycle and high management cost of small and medium-sized enterprises cause some city commercial banks to deviate from small and medium-sized enterprises and invest funds into large clients and projects. Due to the limited credit capital of the city commercial bank, it is easy to form the phenomenon of credit concentration after investing a large amount of credit funds in the local major customers. Combined with the problem of city commercial bank loan centralization, this paper will study the influence of loan concentration on bank performance under different ownership structure. Firstly, based on the general corporate governance theory and banking particularity, this paper analyzes the relationship between equity structure and bank performance. Then it summarizes the characteristics of the development of city commercial banks by reading the relevant materials of city commercial banks, and makes a comparative analysis of the present situation of city commercial banks, joint-stock commercial banks and state-owned banks. In the empirical analysis, this paper collects the annual report data of 66 urban commercial banks in 26 provinces (including autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) from 2005 to 2013, establishes the static panel model with Eviews6.0, and probes into the influence of equity structure on bank performance. Then the interaction between equity structure and loan concentration is introduced to explore the influence of different ownership structure on the relationship between loan concentration and bank performance. The empirical results show that the higher the shareholding ratio of the first largest shareholder, the more concentrated the first five shareholders are, and the worse the bank performance is, the stronger the checks and balances between the major shareholders are, the better the bank performance is, the higher the loan concentration is, the worse the performance of the city commercial bank is. After adding the interaction between equity structure and loan concentration, it is found that equity concentration and equity balance do not affect the relationship between loan concentration and bank performance, but when the largest shareholder is the government, the negative impact of loan concentration on bank performance will be weakened. Finally, according to the empirical results, combined with the current situation of urban commercial banks in China, this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations for the future development of urban commercial banks: first, reduce the degree of equity concentration, establish a shareholder balance mechanism; second, Reduce local government intervention, introduce domestic and foreign strategic investors; third, develop cooperation among city commercial banks, reduce the risk of credit concentration, and take advantage of the local resources and information advantages of the local commercial banks to carry out business; fourth, City commercial banks should combine their own operating conditions, accurate market positioning, give full play to the advantages of small banks.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F832.33;F832.51

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