某大型超市火灾数值模拟及人员安全疏散研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 12:56

本文选题：大型超市 + 火灾　；参考：《安徽理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：现如今,人们追求的物质文化层次越来越高。在城市、乡镇大型购物超市随处可见,而且物品齐全、种类多样、采购方便。侧面印证大型购物超市对人们日常生活的影响及作用是与日俱增的。但为了要满足人们的生活需求,这些超市内或多或少也存在一些可燃易燃的物品,从某种角度上说这些危险品就是一个安全隐患。因此超市的应急疏散通道设计不合理、防火设计缺陷以及事故现场指挥不当等一系列因素,都将使超市火灾的损失进一步扩大。本文主要针对大型超市,通过搜寻近几年全国各地的超市火灾的事故报告,分析火势的进程和人员疏散成效,为论文的撰写提供现实依据。本文根据淮南市华润苏果超市消防系统的组成、出入口的设计、内部结构和人员分布的具体情况进行火灾模拟研究。并且以喷淋灭火系统、机械排烟系统正常工作为前提,以火灾数值模拟软件(FDS)为工具参与模拟运算。得出火灾时烟气高度、室内温度随时间的变化曲线,对比三处不同火源位置的火灾烟气模拟结果,清楚了解到人员是否会受到烟气的危害。同时,利用FDS+EVAC在火灾场景三烟气模型的基础上建立人员疏散模型,再根据疏散结果分析超市的防火疏散性能。具体根据实地调查统计的结果,计算分析得出该超市达到人员荷载量时的人员分布情况。并根据我国现在各类人群的运动能力来确定在火灾逃生时的平均逃生速度。最后运行该模型得到结果,通过分析各出口逃出总人数随时间变化曲线得到,人员全部逃离危险所需时间。再结合烟气模拟结果来确定在人员逃生过程中是否受到烟气及温度的侵害,通过综合分析指出该超市安全疏散方面的不足,并提出相应的建议。论文最后分别总结概括了华润苏果超市火灾烟气模拟和人员疏散仿真的结果,并提出一些建议。为今后提高建筑类火灾的防火疏散性能提供一定的理论指导。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the material and cultural level that people pursue is higher and higher. In the city, township shopping supermarkets everywhere, and complete, diverse, convenient procurement. Side-confirmed the impact of large-scale shopping supermarkets on people's daily life and the role is increasing. However, in order to meet the needs of people, there are more or less flammable and flammable items in these supermarkets. In a certain way, these dangerous goods are a safety hazard. Therefore, a series of factors, such as unreasonable design of emergency evacuation channel, design defects of fire prevention and improper command of accident site, will further expand the loss of supermarket fire. This paper mainly aims at large supermarkets, by searching for the reports of fire accidents in supermarkets all over the country in recent years, analyzing the process of fire and the effect of evacuation, which provides a realistic basis for the writing of this paper. According to the composition of fire control system, the design of entrance and exit, the internal structure and the distribution of personnel in Huainan City, the fire simulation research is carried out in this paper. On the premise of the normal operation of sprinkler system and mechanical smoke exhaust system, the fire numerical simulation software (FDS) is used to participate in the simulation operation. The variation curves of smoke height and indoor temperature with time during fire are obtained, and the smoke simulation results of three different fire sources are compared, and it is clear whether the personnel will be harmed by the smoke. At the same time, FDS EVAC is used to establish the evacuation model based on the three-smoke model in the fire scene, and then the anti-fire evacuation performance of the supermarket is analyzed according to the evacuation results. According to the results of field investigation and statistics, the distribution of personnel in the supermarket when the load is reached is calculated and analyzed. The average escape speed of fire escape is determined according to the movement ability of all kinds of people in our country. Finally, the results are obtained by running the model. By analyzing the curve of the total number of people escaping from each exit with time, the time required for all personnel to escape the danger is obtained. Combined with the smoke simulation results to determine whether the personnel escape in the process of smoke and temperature damage, through comprehensive analysis pointed out the supermarket safety evacuation deficiencies, and put forward the corresponding suggestions. Finally, the results of fire smoke simulation and evacuation simulation are summarized, and some suggestions are put forward. It provides some theoretical guidance for improving fire prevention and evacuation performance of building fires in the future.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU998.1

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