高层建筑灭火救援风险综合评价研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 14:42

本文选题：高层建筑火灾 + 灭火救援影响因素　；参考：《西安建筑科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着世界经济和城市化建设的飞速成长,建筑结构与功能复杂的高层建筑逐渐增多,随之而来的高层建筑火灾的发生也给人们的生活带来了很大的影响。高层火灾相比于普通火灾而言,具有火势扩展速度快、火灾扑救面小、疏散难度大等特点。由于受到建筑的复杂性和消防部队设施的局限性的影响,目前依然存在人员疏散艰难、供水难度大以及登高作业受限等问题,高层建筑灭火救援的形势依然严峻。首先,本文针对高层建筑发生火灾事故时的特点,在进行专家咨询、查阅文献以及参考实际事例的基础上,提炼出了影响高层建筑灭火救援行动的15个因素,运用系统论的思路,构建了影响高层建筑灭火救援行动的5级多层递阶解释结构模型(ISM)。通过分析影响高层建筑灭火救援行动的各个因素之间的关系,最终得到了影响高层建筑灭火救援行动的三层影响因素:表层影响因素(直接)、中间层影响因素(间接)以及深层影响因素(根本)。其次,凭借对高层建筑灭火救援影响因素的分析,结合实际情况,从高层建筑火场概况、消防人员配备、消防装备配置、消防部队的战术水平、以及安全管理五个方面建立高层建筑灭火救援风险综合评价指标体系,并对整个指标体系进行分析。通过发放专家打分表,运用加权评价型专家评分法对高层建筑灭火救援风险综合评价指标体系中的指标进行量化处理,确定每个指标的权重系数,为构建高层建筑灭火救援风险综合评价模型作出良好的铺垫。最后,针对构建的高层建筑灭火救援风险综合评价指标体系,采用主成分分析方法(PCA)对高层建筑灭火救援风险采取综合评价。在综合评价过程中,结合统计软件SPSS,把多元化的评价指标采取降维操作,减少了各评价指标之间的复杂程度,使其关系变得简单。把PCA应用到实际生活当中,针对某市管辖内的五个不同类型的消防部队进行高层建筑灭火救援动作时的安全性作出客观的评价,从而得到在灭火救援中存在的风险。分析得到消防人员的配备、安全管理以及高层建筑火场的概况这三个指标在灭火救援中起着主导作用。本研究能为消防部门在进行高层建筑灭火救援时提供参考依据,进而提高救援效率。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the world economy and urbanization, the number of high-rise buildings with complex structure and functions is increasing gradually, and the fire of high-rise buildings has brought great influence to people's lives. Compared with ordinary fire, high-rise fire has the characteristics of fast fire expansion, small fire fighting surface and difficult evacuation. Due to the complexity of the building and the limitation of the fire fighting unit facilities, there are still some problems such as difficult evacuation, difficulty of water supply and limited operation of climbing. The situation of fire extinguishing and rescue of high-rise building is still severe. First of all, according to the characteristics of high-rise building fire accident, on the basis of expert consultation, consulting literature and referring to practical examples, this paper abstracts 15 factors that affect the fire extinguishing and rescue action of high-rise building. Based on the system theory, a 5-level multi-level hierarchical explanatory structure model is constructed to influence the fire-extinguishing and rescue operations of high-rise buildings. By analyzing the relationship between the factors that affect the fire extinguishing and rescue operations of high-rise buildings, Finally, three factors influencing the fire fighting and rescue of high-rise buildings are obtained: the surface factors (direct, intermediate layer) and the deep layer (basic factors). Secondly, based on the analysis of the factors affecting the fire fighting and rescue of high-rise buildings, combined with the actual situation, from the general situation of the fire site of the high-rise building, firefighting personnel, fire fighting equipment configuration, the tactical level of the fire fighting units, And five aspects of safety management to establish the comprehensive evaluation index system of high building fire rescue risk, and analyze the whole index system. By issuing the expert scoring table and using the weighted evaluation expert scoring method, the indexes in the comprehensive evaluation index system of the rescue and rescue risk of the high-rise building are quantitatively processed, and the weight coefficient of each index is determined. It provides a good foundation for the comprehensive evaluation model of fire fighting and rescue risk of high-rise building. Finally, according to the comprehensive evaluation index system of fire extinguishing and rescue risk of high-rise building, the principal component analysis (PCA) method is used to evaluate the rescue risk of high-rise building fire extinguishing and rescue. In the process of comprehensive evaluation, combined with the statistical software SPSS, the dimensionality reduction operation is adopted to reduce the complexity of various evaluation indexes, and the relationship between them becomes simple. Applying PCA to practical life, the safety of five different types of fire fighting troops in a city is evaluated objectively in order to get the risk of fire fighting and rescue. The analysis of fire protection personnel, safety management and the general situation of high-rise building fire site plays a leading role in fire fighting and rescue. This study can provide reference basis for fire fighting department in high-rise building fire-extinguishing rescue, and then improve rescue efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU998.1

【参考文献】