城市雨水生物滞留池工艺技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 15:18

本文选题：城市内涝灾害 + 低影响开发　；参考：《西南交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随着城市化的快速发展,土石路面逐渐被硬化路面所取代,阻绝了自然生态水循环系统,加之极端气候的影响,导致城市内涝灾害在全国频发。低影响开发措施作为海绵城市建设的基本理念,近年来在全国各地普遍展开,其中生物滞留池又是低影响开发措施中普遍采用的一种技术手段。从传统生物滞留池内部结构及运行方式分析不难看出,生物滞留池可能会因结构和工艺设计中存在的缺陷,导致滞留池堵塞等因素而失去其应有的功能和作用。本文首先对低影响开发几种常见技术措施进行综合研究,分析各自的适用条件和优缺点,重点分析了生物滞留池的建造工艺和结构型式,在阐述了生物滞留池设计原理的基础上,综合分析了常规生物滞留池内部结构形式以及对雨水处理的作用原理。在充分研究了传统生物滞留池的工艺原理和设计理论的基础上,指出了传统生物滞留池存在的问题,如长时间运营后内部堵塞而失去其滞留暴雨的功能;维护管理困难;结构优化不足;预处理设施与高程设计的协调等问题。提出了几种改进技术,如内部结构优化,雨水截污筐和截污挂篮以及涡流池前置预处理等。本文通过试验研究,首先证实了城市雨水地表径流下传统生物滞留池因设计不合理发生堵塞而失去原有功能的情况。同时发现当生物滞留池失去功能时覆盖层含有大量沙石而且过滤层出水泥沙浓度过高;进入生物滞留池雨水浓度越低,滞留池的净化效果越好而且下渗时间越快,说明了减少进入生物滞留池中雨水的固体含量是保障生物滞留池长期使用的有效措施;而且当下游水位逐渐增高时,上游生物滞留池对雨水处理效果明显变差。试验还对入流雨水进行了前置预处理研究,发现小型化涡流池可以有效的将泥沙和雨水分离,增加了生物滞留池的使用年限,减小了雨水生物滞留池系统运行维护的难度。试验结果和理论分析认为,小型涡流池预处理具有占地小、布置灵活、方便清理、效果良好、建造成本低、使用年限长等诸多优点,可以根据现场条件合理设计和布置。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization, the soil and stone pavement is gradually replaced by hardened pavement, which blocks the natural ecological water circulation system and the influence of extreme climate, which leads to frequent urban waterlogging disasters in China. As the basic concept of sponge city construction, low impact development measures have been widely carried out all over the country in recent years, in which the biological retention pool is a kind of technical means commonly used in the low impact development measures. From the analysis of the internal structure and operation mode of the traditional biological detention tank, it is not difficult to see that the biological detention tank may lose its function and function due to the defects in the structure and process design, resulting in blockage and other factors. In this paper, several common technical measures of low impact development are studied comprehensively, and their applicable conditions, advantages and disadvantages are analyzed, and the construction technology and structure type of biological detention tank are analyzed emphatically. On the basis of expounding the design principle of biological detention tank, the internal structure of conventional biological detention cell and the action principle of Rain Water treatment are analyzed synthetically. Based on the study of the process principle and design theory of the traditional biological detention tank, the existing problems of the traditional biological detention tank are pointed out, such as the loss of the function of the detention rainstorm caused by the internal blockage after a long period of operation, the difficulty of maintenance and management. Lack of structural optimization, coordination of preprocessing facilities and elevation design, etc. Several improved techniques are proposed, such as optimization of internal structure, Rain Water fouling basket and suspended basket, and pre-treatment of eddy current pool. Based on the experimental study, it is confirmed that the traditional biological retention tank under urban Rain Water surface runoff has lost its original function due to unreasonable design blockage. At the same time, it was found that when the biological retention tank lost its function, the overburden contained a large amount of sand and rock and the sediment concentration in the effluent of the filter layer was too high. The lower the Rain Water concentration in the biological retention tank, the better the purification effect and the faster the infiltration time. It is shown that reducing the solid content of Rain Water in the biological detention tank is an effective measure to ensure the long-term use of the biological retention tank, and when the downstream water level increases gradually, the effect of the upstream biological retention tank on the treatment of Rain Water becomes significantly worse. The pre-treatment of incoming Rain Water was also carried out. It was found that miniaturized swirl pool could effectively separate sediment from Rain Water, increase the service life of biological detention tank, and reduce the difficulty of operation and maintenance of Rain Water biological detention tank system. The experimental results and theoretical analysis show that the preprocessing of small eddy current pool has many advantages, such as small occupation, flexible layout, convenient cleaning, good effect, low construction cost, long service life and so on, which can be reasonably designed and arranged according to the field conditions.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU992

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