基于中西结合视点下的澳门近代居住建筑研究

发布时间：2018-08-03 20:39

【摘要】：澳门是中国最早与西方接触的城市之一,这里的建筑是中西结合的典型代表。这些建筑中的居住建筑更是最直接的反映了澳门社会的变化,也是建筑文化在事物上最直接的体现。近代是澳门社会的转折时期,城墙的拆除、政权的易主、城市的扩张无不直接的对居民生活与居住建筑产生影响。澳门近代居住建筑来源于两个民族,其建筑文化自然受到两种民族文化的影响。追其源头,广东的岭南传统住宅,如西关大屋和“三间两廊”式住宅是澳门中式居住建筑的变化基础;印度的果阿葡人住宅是澳门西式居住建筑变化的源头。当两者同时出现在澳门,建筑的本质便被客观因素潜移默化的改变,即使是建造手法亦或是建筑材料的改变,也被称之为本土化。也就是说,澳门的居住建筑都可以被称为中西结合的居住建筑,但究其源头以及建筑在中西结合过程中的具体表现,则不能一概而论。以源头建筑为基础,与澳门近代中、西式独栋、联排住宅的平面形态、立面形态进行比较,总结其传统特征及衍化方式,这些衍化所承载的是文化内涵、审美取向以及生活习惯等的改变,它的产生有深层次的社会原因和特殊的历史环境。通过对澳门近代居住建筑平面、立面的对比研究,论文认为澳门近代居住建筑的衍化表现为“本土化”和“现代化”这两种特征。在西方建筑文化与现代化的推进下,澳门中式居住建筑从根深蒂固的传统文化思想向以功能和实用为主的建筑设计思想方向发展,澳门西式居住建筑在功能和实用的基础上进行改进和提升,二者朝居住建筑的现代化趋同。本研究对澳门近代建筑研究和中国近代建筑研究都是有益的充实,通过对澳门近代居住建筑的研究,能够从很大程度上反映山东、上海以及类似城市,乃至中国的近代城市建筑的发展特点,是对澳门研究的完善,同时是澳门近代居住建筑的保护、修复、更新和再利用等工作的参考基础和初步指导。
[Abstract]:Macao is one of the earliest Chinese cities to contact with the West, and the architecture here is a typical example of the combination of Chinese and Western. These residential buildings are the most direct reflection of the changes in Macao society and the most direct embodiment of architectural culture. The modern times are the turning period of Macao society, the demolition of the city wall, the change of political power and the expansion of the city have a direct impact on the residents' life and residential buildings. Macao's modern residential architecture originated from two nationalities, and its architectural culture was naturally influenced by two kinds of national cultures. To trace its origin, the traditional residence in Lingnan, Guangdong Province, such as Xiguan House and "three two Corridor" houses, is the basis for the change of Chinese residential buildings in Macao, and the Goa Portuguese residence in India is the source of the change of western residential buildings in Macao. When both of them appear in Macao, the essence of architecture is changed by imperceptible objective factors. Even the construction technique or the change of building materials is also called localization. That is to say, the residential buildings of Macao can be called the residential buildings of the combination of China and the West, but the source and the concrete performance of the buildings in the process of the combination of China and the West cannot be generalized. Based on the source architecture, compared with the plane form and the facade form of the western-style single-family and contiguous residence in modern Macao, the traditional characteristics and the derivation of these developments are summarized, which are the cultural connotations. With the change of aesthetic orientation and living habits, it has deep social reasons and special historical environment. Through a comparative study of the plane and facade of modern residential buildings in Macao, this paper holds that the evolution of modern residential buildings in Macao is characterized by "localization" and "modernization". With the development of western architectural culture and modernization, Chinese residential architecture in Macao developed from deep-rooted traditional culture to functional and practical architectural design. On the basis of function and practicability, the western residential buildings in Macao are improved and upgraded, and they converge towards the modernization of residential buildings. This study is beneficial to the study of modern architecture in Macao and the study of modern architecture in China. Through the study of modern residential buildings in Macao, it can to a large extent reflect Shandong, Shanghai and similar cities. The development characteristics of modern urban buildings in China are not only the perfection of the study of Macao, but also the reference basis and preliminary guidance for the protection, restoration, renewal and reuse of modern residential buildings in Macao.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU241.5

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