广州地区住宅区户外公共空间适老化设计研究

发布时间：2018-09-01 05:38

【摘要】：2000年后,中国的老年人口数量不断攀升,目前我国已跃升为全球老年人口数量最多的国家。人口老龄化是当前中国社会所面临的重要问题之一,在一定程度上对社会、经济和环境产生影响,需要从各个方面引起关注和应对,其中,就包括建筑学和城乡规划相关领域对老龄化形势下居住区空间如何更好地适宜老龄化的问题。对此,国内外的学者以此开展了相关研究,形成了较为丰富的相关研究成果,但对于住宅区户外公共空间的适老化设计问题,尚有待于进一步扩展和深化。由于广州属于我国的超大城市,广州的老龄化问题亦同样随着城市人口总数的增长而日趋严重。并且受传统文化的影响,广州地区的老年人多选择居家养老方式。因此,本文结合广州地区老年人养老居住的特征及地域气候、文化、行为等特征,开展居住区户外公共空间的适老化设计研究,对于进一步完善广州地区住宅区规划设计,充分适应老年人的户外活动需求,具有重要的现实意义。本文通过对广州地区多个住宅区户外公共空间的实地考察、问卷和访谈调查、及相应的分析、总结和推论,取得了以下主要结论:(1)实地考察、问卷和访谈调查结果显示,广州市不同老化程度的老年人日常活动在时间上存在着全时性、差异性的特点,并随着程度的加深,其活动类型逐渐单一化,较倾向选择复合型的活动场所,对空间的协助性、安全性、便捷性、全季节使用的需求越来越大。(2)广州地区住宅区户外空间对于老年人而言,在活动空间布局、休憩空间、健身锻炼空间、步行道路空间、景观绿化空间、气候适应性、空间文化氛围、运营与管理等方面仍存在一定的不足;另外广州市老年人与非老年人对空间的需求在空间优先度、包容性、复合性和多样性、动态适应性等方面存在差异。(3)为了构建适老化基础上多代共享使用的住宅区户外公共空间,应以合理紧凑的空间布局、多样化的功能空间、宜居和动态适应的户外公共空间为目标,采取宜居性、多样性、动态适应性的设计策略,遵循共享性、多样性、动静分区、可达性、地域性和安全性的设计原则。(4)在整体建构上,广州地区住宅区户外公共空间的适老化设计,应关注和合理、有效处理空间布局、尺度、形态、边界与节点等几个方面的问题,通过适应老年人的空间类型与尺度配置、适应老年人的整体性布局、特征化的空间形态、柔化的空间边界、连接性强的空间形态的构建,以期营造适老化基础上多代共享使用的户外公共空间。(5)在各主要分类空间方面,广州地区住宅区户外公共空间的适老化设计,须结合各类空间的使用功能及其特征,从空间布局、尺度、边界等方面,营造功能复合型的活动健身空间、促进老年人交往的休憩空间、保健康复性的绿化空间及安全易辨认的道路空间。(6)在空间要素层面,广州地区住宅区户外空间的适老化设计,应在座椅、台阶、坡道及扶手、照明设施、标识系统、公共服务设施和植物园艺等方面符合适老化与多代际共享的需求。
[Abstract]:Since 2000, the number of the elderly population in China has been increasing continuously, and now China has become the country with the largest number of the elderly population in the world.Population aging is one of the most important problems facing the current Chinese society. To a certain extent, it has an impact on society, economy and environment, which needs to be paid attention to and coped with from various aspects, including Architecture and urban and rural planning are related to the aging of residential space under the situation of how to better adapt to the aging problem. To this end, scholars at home and abroad have carried out relevant research and formed a relatively rich related research results, but for residential outdoor public space aging design, still need to be further expanded and As Guangzhou is a mega-city in China, the aging problem in Guangzhou is also becoming more and more serious with the increase of the total urban population. Affected by the traditional culture, the elderly in Guangzhou choose to live at home to provide for the aged. Therefore, this paper combines the characteristics of the elderly living in Guangzhou and regional climate, culture, line. In order to meet the needs of the elderly, it is of great practical significance to carry out the research on the ageing design of the outdoor public space in residential areas in Guangzhou. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Field investigation, questionnaires and interviews show that the daily activities of the elderly with different degrees of aging in Guangzhou have the characteristics of full-time and difference in time. With the deepening of the degree, the types of activities are gradually simplified, and they tend to choose complex activities. (2) Guangzhou residential outdoor space for the elderly, in the layout of activity space, recreation space, fitness exercise space, walking space, landscape greening space, climate adaptability, space and cultural atmosphere, operation and management, etc. There are still some deficiencies; in addition, there are differences in space priority, inclusiveness, complexity and diversity, and dynamic adaptability between the elderly and non-elderly in Guangzhou. (3) In order to build a multi-generation residential outdoor public space on the basis of aging, it should be reasonable and compact spatial layout, diversification. Functional space, livable and dynamic adaptation of the outdoor public space as the goal, adopt livable, diversity, dynamic adaptability design strategy, follow the sharing, diversity, dynamic and static zoning, accessibility, regional and safety design principles. (4) In the overall construction, Guangzhou residential area outdoor public space aging design, should be concerned about. To deal with the problems of space layout, scale, shape, boundary and node effectively and reasonably, we should adapt the space type and scale configuration of the elderly, the overall layout of the elderly, the characteristic space form, the softening space boundary, and the construction of the space form with strong connectivity so as to create a multi-generational co-existence on the basis of aging. (5) In terms of the main classified spaces, the ageing design of outdoor public spaces in residential areas in Guangzhou should be combined with the functions and characteristics of all kinds of spaces, so as to create a functional compound type of activity and fitness space from the aspects of space layout, scale, boundary, etc., so as to promote the leisure space and health care for the elderly. Rehabilitative green space and safe and recognizable road space. (6) On the aspect of space elements, the ageing design of Guangzhou residential outdoor space should meet the needs of aging and multi-generation sharing in the aspects of seats, steps, ramps and handrails, lighting facilities, marking systems, public service facilities and botanical gardening.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU984.12

【参考文献】