家庭社会经济地位（SES）对学业成绩的影响

发布时间：2018-01-10 15:39

本文关键词：家庭社会经济地位（SES）对学业成绩的影响　出处：《石河子大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：学生的学业成绩受到多方面的影响,有个人的、家庭的、学校的以及社会的因素。家庭作为子女接触最早、最重要的地方,是子女成长的第一环境,对学生独特个性的形成,良好学习习惯的养成起到了非常重要作用。因此,家庭社会经济地位对学生学业成绩的影响一直备受关注。本研究选择了新疆喀什市泽普县作为基础调研地点,选取了一定数量的初中生和高中生作为研究对象,我们开展了家庭社会经济地位对学生学业成绩影响的调查研究。研究方法主要采用问卷调查法和必要的人物访谈,结合相关文献分析,定性研究与量化研究相结合。调查的结果资料先运用定性研究方法处理,结合文献研究,构建本研究的理论框架,继而采用量化研究进行综合分析。通过相关性分析、交叉分析、回归分析等方法对大规模数据进行处理,分析不同的家庭背景变量对子女学业成绩的影响。利用回归模型呈现家庭背景变量对子代学业成绩的贡献量,进而科学合理地评估调研地区的教育水平。在“一费制”和精准扶贫的大背景下,深层剖析家庭社会经济地位对学业成绩的影响,有助于消弭存在于当地教育中的各种不平等和不均衡现象,最终实现教育公平。研究结果显示,家庭社会经济地位对学生学业成绩的影响呈现出显著性正相关,在城乡对比中发现家庭背景变量对学业成绩的贡献量存在差异。第一,父母的文化水平对子女学业成绩存在正相关父母的文化水平越高,子女的学业成绩越好。同时父母的文化水平还影响到父母对子女的受教育期望,文化水平高的家长对子女的受教育期望较高。文化水平高的父母会选择一致化语言方式同子女交流,能够提升子女在学校的表现,从而促进子女的学业成绩。第二,父母的职业声望和阶层背景是影响子女学业成绩的重要因素父母的职业声望越高,子女的学业成绩越好,尤其是精密型技术行业从事者的子女学业成绩更好。父母的职业声望还决定了家庭教养方式,轻松愉悦的家庭氛围和亲密的亲子关系有助于子女取得好的学业成绩。第三,家庭经济收入对子女学业成绩的影响程度较低数据分析未发现家庭经济收入与学业成绩呈现相关性,然而家庭居住地与子女的学业成绩呈现相关性。原因是该地处于经济欠发达地区,居民收入水平普遍较低,“一费制”的教育政策削弱了家庭经济收入对学业成绩的影响,另一方面来讲,单凭调查问卷也许无法客观的呈现出一个家庭真正的经济收入。第四,家庭社会经济地位中微观因素也是影响学业成绩的重要变量家庭社会经济地位中微观因素对学生的学业成绩影响显著,同时,学生的学业水平在城乡和阶层背景上存在差异。就家庭结构来说,三口之家的孩子学业成绩最高;家庭原始资源积累越丰富,学生的学业成绩越高。城乡之间的对比分析得知,城市学生的学业水平明显好于农村,在城市地区家庭的经济资源可以为子女提供更多的受教育机会,可以将经济资源转化为好的教育条件。对如何促进调研地区学业成绩的思考:第一,均衡城乡地区的教育资源。充足的经费供给是保障良好教育的基础,城乡教育经费投入失衡、农村教育经费短缺导致农村教学质量低下,这是历史遗留已久的问题。调研地区教育发展中经费投入总量不足、经费投入结构不合理、城乡投入差距过大,因此,利用教育精准扶贫的契机,建立向贫困地区学校优先拨款制度来进行扶助,将财政经费向贫困地区学校倾斜以缩小城乡差距,从而改善贫困地区的办学水平,教育硬件设施,优秀的师资队伍等。第二,有利的政策调节促进受教育机会均等。阶层背景对子代教育的影响是不公平的身份复制,但每一个个体都无法脱离家庭因素的影响。因此,国家和政府应采取有效的措施均衡地区间存在的差距,保障贫困群体子女的受教育权利。第三,社会稳定是教育发展的前提。教育是整个社会的一个巨大的“制衡器”,它可以消减社会不平等,促进良性社会结构的完善和巩固。然而,只有在稳定的社会环境下,教育才能发挥它自身的作用。
[Abstract]:The academic performance of students is affected by many factors, there are individual, family, school and social factors. The family as a child first contact, the most important place, the growth of children is the first environment on the formation of students' individuality, cultivate a good habit of learning plays a very important role. Therefore, the influence of family social economic status on academic achievement of students has been a concern. This research chooses Kashi city as the basis of Zepu County of Xinjiang research sites, selected a certain number of junior high school students and high school students as the research object, we study show influence of family social economic status on students' academic achievement. The research method mainly adopts the questionnaire the necessary survey and interviews, combined with the literature analysis, qualitative research and quantitative research combined. The results of the survey data using a qualitative research method of combining. The literature research, the theoretical framework of the study, and then analyzed by quantitative research. Through correlation analysis, cross analysis, regression analysis and other methods for processing large-scale data, analysis of the influence of different family background variables on the academic achievement of children. The contribution of regression model showed family background variables in offspring of academic achievement, and the evaluation research areas of the level of education scientifically and reasonably. In the "one fee" and the precise poverty under the background of social and economic status of family influence deeply on academic achievement, there are all kinds of help to eliminate present in the local education inequality and imbalance, and ultimately achieve educational equity. The research results show that the influence of family social economic status on academic achievement of students showed a significant positive correlation was found with family background variables on academic achievement in urban and rural areas in comparison The amount of difference. First, the educational level of parents are related to the academic achievement of children of parents have higher cultural level, children's academic achievement better. Meanwhile, parents cultural level also affects the educational expectation of parents and children, high cultural level of parents to children's education. Higher expectations of high cultural level of parents choose consistent language and children exchange, to enhance the children's performance in school, so as to promote children's academic achievement. Second, parents' occupation prestige and social background is an important factor affecting the academic achievement of children of the parent's occupation prestige is higher, children's academic achievement is better, especially the precision technology industry practitioners the academic achievement of children better. Parents' occupation prestige also determines the way of family education, relaxed family atmosphere and intimate parent-child relationship helps children get good learning Industry performance. Third, influence of family income on the academic achievement of children of low data not found in family income and academic achievement correlated, however, family residence and children's academic achievement. The reason is that the present correlation in underdeveloped areas, the income level is generally low, "one fee" education policy weakens the effect of family income on academic performance, on the other hand, the questionnaire may not be able to objectively show a real family income alone. Fourth, academic influence factors of family social economic position in the micro factors also affect the academic achievement of the important variables of family social economic status the students were, at the same time, the students' academic level in urban and rural areas and social background difference. Family structure, family of three children in school achievement The highest; primitive accumulation of family resources more abundant, the higher academic performance of the students. The comparative analysis between urban and rural areas of the city that the students are obviously better than the rural area in the city, the economic resources of the family can provide more education opportunities for children, can be economic resources into good education conditions of thinking. How to promote the research in academic performance: first, the balance of urban and rural areas of education resources. Adequate funds supply is the guarantee of good education, the imbalance of urban and rural education investment funds, the shortage of educational funds in rural areas lead to the low quality of rural teaching, this is a historical question for a long time. The research area in the development of education funds investment is insufficient funds. The irrational investment structure, investment in urban and rural areas the gap is too large, therefore, the use of education opportunity to establish the precise poverty, poor area school funding system to support priority, The financial funds to schools in poor areas tilt to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, so as to improve the poor areas of the school level and the education facilities, excellent teachers. Second, to promote the equal education opportunity adjustment favorable policies. Influence of social background on offspring education is not fair ID copy, but the influence of every individual can not be divorced from the family factors. Therefore, the state and the government should take effective measures in balancing the gap between the poor security groups of children's right to education. Third, social stability is a prerequisite for the development of education. Education is a huge "balance" of the whole society, it can reduce social inequality, promote perfect the benign social structure and consolidation. However, only in a stable social environment, education can play the role of its own.

【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G40-05

【参考文献】