海南省农村城镇化进程中教育移民政策研究

发布时间：2018-02-19 19:15

本文关键词： 海南农村城镇化教育移民政策　出处：《西南大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海南成立经济特区20年来,旅游产业带动相关产业发展的作用越来越明显。但由于海南农村密度小、人口素质偏低、城镇化水平不高,海南城乡发展现状与旅游业发展极不适应。为了更好地服务海南国际旅游岛发展的大局,海南需要有足够的农村城镇化。在探索农村城镇化的进程中,海南省昌江县王下乡率先探索并实施的“教育移民”,让贫困子弟走出大山进城读书。这一举措不但整合了教育资源、提高了教育质量、推动了教育均衡发展,而且也在一定的程度上保护了热带雨林生态,对海南省的农村城镇化和教育发展具有重要意义,因而得到了海南省政府的充分肯定并予以推广。教育移民的推广需要政策作支撑,这便构成了海南省教育移民政策产生的背景。海南教育移民政策的形成是海南政治、经济和社会发展的产物。它经历了开展联合调研、启动移民工程以及全面建设思源实验学校等几个阶段。2007年7-8月,由海南省委政研室牵头,海南省教育厅、财政厅、民宗厅和扶贫办等相关部门共同组成了联合调研组,赴琼中、昌江、屯昌、白沙、五指山等市县进行了半个月的实地调研,并形成了《海南省“教育移民”情况的调研报告》。在这份报告的指导下,海南教育移民工程正式启动,教育移民政策也不断完善。全面建设思源实验学校,标志着海南教育移民政策进入一个全新的阶段。然而,在海南省教育移民政策运行过程中,隐藏在“教育移民”背后的一系列政策问题也逐渐显露出来。主要表现为教育移民政策的价值取向扭曲、教育移民政策的内容不完善、教育移民政策执行中存在文化冲突以及教育移民政策执行效果评估缺失等等。教育移民政策背后有着深刻的学理依据。首先是教育移民政策的价值取向。教育移民政策作为一项公共政策,必须确保教育公平,让弱势群体公平地享有教育资源,避免他们由于非自身因素导致的发展机会的不平等；同时还要尽可能地减少教育移民的支出,始终保持教育移民政策公平与效率的动态平衡。其次,教育移民政策有着自身的结构,包括问题结构、目标结构和条件结构。问题结构为教育移民政策的形成奠定了基础,目标结构为教育移民政策的形成确立了方向,条件结构为教育移民政策的形成提供了保证。再次,教育移民政策有着自身的执行模式和效果评估方式。教育移民政策执行模式应该整合自上而下和自下而上两种政策执行模式,而执行效果如何则需要进行评估。教育移民政策的评估要考虑方案与受众结构的变动是否适应、教育移民政策方案是否获得的社会认同、教育移民政策方案之间是否匹配、教育移民政策方案对于解决问题是否适中以及教育移民政策方案的设计是否符合执行者的实际状况等问题。当然,教育移民政策的目标能否顺利实现,最终取决于教育移民政策制定和实施路径的选择。首先,转变教育移民政策理念,使教育移民政策从“增长至上”的发展主义走向“以人为本”和“文化认同”的人本主义,在此基础上,要建立海南全省的教育移民财政转移支付制度,确保教育移民经费。同时,健全教育移民政策的管理体制和利益表达机制,以便在教育移民政策制定和实施的过程中,充分发挥教育移民政策主体的精神自觉,让教育移民政策主体进行更好的自我调节以应对教育移民政策中的不确定因素,消解教育移民政策中的阻抗,形成教育移民政策合力。最后,建立教育移民政策补偿机制,实现教育移民政策执行过程中的“弱势补偿”,及时纠正教育移民政策制定和执行过程中的各种偏差。
[Abstract]:Hainan special economic zone was established in 20 years, the tourism industry and promote the development of related industries more obvious. But because of the Hainan rural low density, low quality of the population, the urbanization level is not high, the development of Hainan urban and rural development and the tourism industry can not adapt to the situation. In order to better serve the Hainan international tourism island development, Hainan needs to have enough of the urbanization in rural areas. In the exploration of rural urbanization, Changjiang County of Hainan Province Wang to the countryside to explore and implement the "education of immigrants", let the poor children out of the mountains into the city to study. This measure not only the integration of educational resources, improve the quality of education, promote the balanced development of education, but also protect the tropical the rain forest in a certain extent, has important significance of rural urbanization in Hainan province development and education, which has been fully affirmed by the Hainan provincial government and to promote education shift. The promotion of the people needs the support of the policy, which constitutes the background of the education immigration policy in Hainan.
The formation of educational immigration policy in Hainan Hainan is the political, economic and social development of the product. It has to carry out joint research, start the resettlement project and the comprehensive construction of the source experimental school stages.2007 years 7-8 months, led by the Hainan provincial policy research office, Hainan Provincial Department of education, Department of finance, Department of civil cases and Poverty Alleviation Office etc. the Department jointly formed a joint research group, went to Qiongzhong, Tunchang, Changjiang, white sand, Five Fingers Group and other cities and counties to carry out on-the-spot investigation for half a month, and the formation of the "Hainan Province Education immigration report. In the report under the guidance of Hainan education immigration project officially started, the immigration policy also constantly improve education. The comprehensive construction of the source experimental school education, marking the immigration policy of Hainan has entered a new stage. However, in Hainan Province, education and immigration policy in the process of operation, hidden in the" educational immigrants "behind A series of policy problems have also been gradually revealed. It is mainly manifested in the distortion of the value orientation of educational immigration policy, the imperfection of educational immigration policy, the cultural conflict in the implementation of educational immigration policy, and the lack of evaluation on the implementation effect of educational immigration policy.
Behind the education immigration policy has a profound theoretical basis. The first is the value orientation of education immigration policies. As a public policy education and immigration policy, must ensure that the education fair, equitable access to vulnerable groups to education resources, avoid them because of opportunities for the development of non self factors lead to inequality; at the same time to reduce as much as possible immigration education expenditure, always keep the dynamic balance of education fairness and efficiency of the immigration policy. Secondly, education and immigration policy has its own structure, including the structure, structure and condition of target structure. Laid the foundation for the formation of the education structure of immigration policy, the target structure form the direction of education, immigration policy, provide conditions the structure for the formation of education immigration policy guarantee. Thirdly, education has a way to assess immigration policy execution mode and effect of education and immigration policy itself. The execution model should integrate top-down and bottom-up implementation models of two kinds of policies, and the effect of implementing the assessment should be conducted. The educational evaluation of immigration policy to consider whether the changes of audience structure scheme and adapt to the social identity, education and immigration policy scheme is obtained, whether between education and immigration policy, immigration policy plan, education scheme for solving the problem of whether the problem whether moderate immigration policy and design education program in line with the actual situation of the performer.
Of course, the smooth realization of the goal of education and immigration policy, ultimately depends on the education of immigration policy and implementation path choice. First, change the educational idea of immigration policy, immigration policy to education development doctrine from the "growth first" to "people-oriented" and "cultural identity" humanism, on this basis, to the establishment of Hainan province's education system of immigrant financial transfer payment, to ensure the education of migrant funds. At the same time, improve the education and immigration management system and the benefit expression mechanism, so that in the process of developing education and the implementation of the immigration policy, give full play to the education of immigration policy subject consciousness, make education immigration policy subject to better self regulation to determine the factors of coping education immigration policy, immigration policy in the education of impedance digestion, the formation of educational immigration policy together. Finally, establish education immigration The policy compensation mechanism can realize the "disadvantaged compensation" in the process of the implementation of the education immigration policy, and correct the various deviations in the process of making and executing the education immigration policy in time.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G521

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