美国优秀科学教师专业标准、评估及认证研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 20:05

本文选题：优秀教师专业标准 + 优秀科学教师专业标准　；参考：《华东师范大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：无数研究和国内外教育实践表明：教师质量是影响学生成绩和教育质量的关键因素。美国自2002年以来实施《不让一个孩子掉队》中小学教育法案,要求“核心学科”的所有教师在专业素质上必须“高度合格”,要求“每个班级必须有一名优秀教师”。美国政府决策者和社会大众比任何时候都深信：“美国公立教育的命运系于教师”。近年,美国联邦政府又把“投资优秀教师”、“投资卓越教学”作为一项政策重点。在这样的背景下,本研究以美国优秀科学教师专业标准及基于标准的评价、认证作为重点,旨在从理论与实际的结合上描述与剖析优秀科学教师专业标准的内涵,阐释基于标准的科学教师评估与资格认证的过程,考察优秀科学教师专业标准及认证在学校、学区和州层面已经产生的积极影响,研究美国在优秀教师专业标准基础上建立教师评价与支持体系并由此普遍提高教师质量的路径,为我国制定和试行教师专业标准、促进教师专业发展提供有益的借鉴。导论部分从世界范围关注教育质量与教师质量的趋势和美国高度重视科学教育及科学教学标准的视角说明了本论文研究问题提出的背景,阐述核心概念,说明研究的目的与方法,说明论文内容架构。第一章“美国科学教育与科学教学标准”。从美国政府、学界、企业界赋予科学教育的战略地位分析了作为美国科学教育发展蓝图的《国家科学教育标准》,该标准强调“科学面向全体学生”、“建设全民富有科学素养的社会”、“科学学习是一个能动过程”、“学校科学要反映理性传统与文化传统”、“改进科学教育是改革教育体系的一部分”等指导原则。该章描述了基于《国家科学教育标准》的科学教学标准,这些“标准”是其后“国家教学专业标准委员会(NBPTS)"开发“优秀科学教师专业标准”的重要基础。第二章“美国优秀科学教师专业标准的框架与内容”阐释了由美国“国家教学专业标准委员会”开发的“优秀教师专业标准”框架,重点分析了适用于所有优秀教师的五大核心要求和优秀科学教师专业标准的十二项要求：1)了解学生；2)科学知识；3)科学教学知识；4)教学设计；5)学习环境；6)多样性、公正、公平与伦理；7)科学探究；；8)跨学科联系；9)教学评价；10)反思(教学实践)；11)提升专业品质(领导作用、专业合作、专业学习)；12)(与家庭和社区)互动与合作。根据实地调研结果,分析和总结了即将发布的新版优秀科学教师专业标准所反映的科学教学和科学教师专业发展的思想与内容方面的重要趋势。第三章“美国优秀科学教师专业标准的制定”,根据实地观察记录,阐述了国家教学专业标准委员会制定优秀科学教师专业标准的指导思想、制定小组的人员构成与以及标准制定的过程。第四章“基于标准的优秀科学教师评价与认证”,阐述了美国国家教学专业标准委员会基于标准的优秀教师评价的设计思想和评价方法、优秀科学教师的评价内容,以及教师申请“优秀”水平认证的原则和办法；根据有关数据,统计和分析了美国优秀科学教师的认证情况；介绍了标准、评估与认证促进教师专业发展进而影响课堂教学实践的具体方式。第五章“优秀教师专业标准及认证实践的影响”,分析了专业标准在学校、学区和州的层面对学生学习、教师实践和专业发展的影响,并总结了委员会为进一步扩大影响所采取的措施。第六章“建立基于标准的教师评价与支持系统”,着重介绍和论述了如何运用“优秀(科学)教师专业标准”并根据标准评价与认证优秀教师的成功经验,建立面向教师评价与支持系统以科学评价教师工作表现、促进全体教师专业成长的教师政策顶层设计。 “结语与建议”部分总结了美国“国家教学专业标准委员会”二十五年来开发包括科学学科领域在内的优秀教师专业标准并认证优秀教师的基本经验,同时,从深入开展教师政策研究、应用优秀教师专业标准促进政府科学决策、改进基于专业标准的教师评价等方面提出了实际的建议,目的在于为我国试行中小学教师专业标准提供有益的经验借鉴。
[Abstract]:Numerous studies and educational practices both at home and abroad have shown that the quality of teachers is a key factor affecting students' performance and quality of education. Since 2002, the United States has implemented "no child left off > primary and Secondary Education Act", and all teachers in the "core subject" must be "highly qualified" in their professional qualities, requiring "every class must have" "A good teacher." the American government policy makers and the public are more convinced than ever that "the fate of American public education is a teacher." in recent years, the United States federal government has made "investment excellent teachers", "investment excellence teaching" as a policy focus. Industry standard and standard based evaluation and certification are the key points. The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the connotation of the professional standards of excellent science teachers from the combination of theory and practice, to explain the process of standard based evaluation and qualification of scientific teachers and to investigate the product of excellent science teachers' professional standards and certification in schools, school districts and state levels. It has a great influence on the establishment of teacher evaluation and support system on the basis of excellent teachers' professional standards and the path to improve the quality of teachers. It provides a useful reference for the formulation and trial of teachers' professional standards and the promotion of teachers' professional development.
The introduction explains the background of the research problems in this paper, expounds the core concepts, explains the purpose and methods of the research, and explains the framework of the content of the paper, from the perspective of the worldwide attention to the quality of education and the quality of teachers and the high emphasis on the standards of Science education and science teaching in the United States.
Chapter 1 "American standards for education and science teaching". From the American government, the academic circle and the strategic position of the enterprise, the strategic position of science education is analyzed as the national science education standard, which is the blueprint for the development of science education in the United States. The standard emphasizes "science for all students" and "building a society with scientific literacy for all people", "science" "Learning is a dynamic process", "school science should reflect the rational tradition and cultural tradition", "improving science education is part of the reform of the education system" and other guiding principles. This chapter describes the scientific teaching standards based on the national standards for science education. These "standards" are "the national Standard Committee for teaching standards (NBPTS)". The important basis for issuing "professional standards for outstanding science teachers".
The second chapter, "the framework and content of American excellent science teachers' professional standards" explains the "excellent teacher professional standard" framework developed by the National Standard Committee for national teaching professional standards in the United States, and focuses on the analysis of the twelve requirements for the five core requirements and the professional standards of excellent teachers for all excellent teachers: 1) understanding. Students; 2) scientific knowledge; 3) science teaching knowledge; 4) teaching design; 5) learning environment; 6) diversity, justice, fairness and ethics; 7) scientific inquiry; 8) interdisciplinary contact; 9) teaching evaluation; 10) reflection (Teaching Practice); 11) promoting professional quality (leadership, professional cooperation, professional learning); 12) interaction and interaction with family and community. Cooperation. According to the results of field research, this paper analyzes and summarizes the important trend of the thought and content of science teaching and science teachers' professional development, which are reflected by the new edition of the new outstanding science teachers' professional standards.
In the third chapter, "the formulation of the professional standards for excellent science teachers in the United States", according to the field observation records, the guiding ideology of the National Standard Committee for teaching professional standards for the establishment of excellent scientific teachers' professional standards is expounded, and the personnel constitution and the process of the standard formulation of the group are formulated.
The fourth chapter, "standard based evaluation and certification of excellent science teachers", expounds the design ideas and evaluation methods of the excellent teachers' evaluation based on the standard, the evaluation content of excellent science teachers, and the principles and methods for teachers to apply for "excellent" level identification; according to the relevant data, Statistics It also analyzes the certification of excellent science teachers in the United States, and introduces the specific ways of standards, evaluation and certification to promote the professional development of teachers and further influence the practice of classroom teaching.
The fifth chapter, "the influence of professional standards and certification practice of excellent teachers", analyzes the impact of professional standards on students' learning, teacher practice and professional development in schools, school districts and states, and summarizes the measures taken by the committee to further expand the impact.
The sixth chapter "establishes the standard based teacher evaluation and support system". It introduces and expounds how to apply the professional standards of "excellent (Science) teachers" and the successful experience of evaluating and authenticated excellent teachers according to the standard, and establishing a teacher evaluation and support system to evaluate teachers' performance scientifically and promote the professional growth of all teachers. The top-level design of the teacher policy.
The part of the conclusion and suggestion summarizes the development of the National Standard Committee for teaching professional standards of the United States in the past twenty-five years to develop excellent teachers' professional standards, including the field of science, and to authenticate the basic experience of excellent teachers. At the same time, the research on Teachers' policy and the application of professional standard of excellent teachers to promote scientific decision-making and improvement of the government Practical suggestions are put forward based on professional standards of teacher evaluation, aiming to provide useful experience for our pilot teachers in primary and secondary schools.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G451.1

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