青少年同伴侵害与外化问题：气质的调节作用及性别差异

发布时间：2018-01-14 07:04

本文关键词：青少年同伴侵害与外化问题：气质的调节作用及性别差异　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：外化问题是指具有明显的外在表现,以破坏性和违反社会规则为特点的行为。由于生理和社会生态背景的转变,青少年期外化问题显著增加。青少年外化问题与其当前和未来的消极适应结果有关,如学业成绩不良、物质滥用、抑郁等。因此有必要对青少年外化问题的预测因素进行考察,并在此基础上加以干预。同伴侵害是青少年外化问题的重要预测因素。同伴侵害的两种主要亚型——身体侵害和关系侵害——均会导致青少年外化问题的增加。根据个体环境交互作用模型,同伴侵害对于青少年外化问题的影响存在个体差异。以往研究揭示了气质的单一维度(如消极情绪性、意志控制)作为个体差异因素,在同伴侵害与外化问题关联中的调节作用。然而,近年来的实证研究表明,气质的不同维度并非单独的发挥作用,而是以联合的方式共同作用,气质反应性(如,易受挫性和恐惧)和意志控制间可能存在交互作用,因此有必要考察气质反应性和意志控制的联合作用在同伴侵害与外化问题关联中的调节作用。此外,同伴侵害与气质的交互作用还存在潜在的性别差异。基于此,本研究采用“中国儿童青少年追踪研究”中的一个时间点上1226名高一青少年及其母亲作为被试(青少年平均年龄16.22±0.34岁,男生621人),考察中国文化背景下同伴侵害对青少年外化问题的影响,气质反应性(包括易受挫性和恐惧)和意志控制在同伴侵害——外化问题关联中的调节作用以及潜在的性别差异模式。本研究中,青少年外化问题通过儿童行为核查表自我报告版测量,同伴侵害通过自我报告的多维侵害量表测量,气质通过早期青少年气质量表自我报告版中意志控制、易受挫性和恐惧三个分量表测量。所有量表均具有可接受的信效度。采用多元回归分析和简单斜率检验,本研究发现:(1)身体侵害、关系侵害均与外化问题存在正向关联;(2)意志控制与外化问题存在显著负向关联,易受挫性与外化问题存在正向关联,恐惧与外化问题无显著关联;(3)易受挫性和意志控制可调节女生身体侵害与外化问题的关联,高易受挫性低意志控制的女生中,身体侵害与外化问题存在正向关联;(4)恐惧和意志控制可调节身体侵害、关系侵害与外化问题间的关系,高恐惧低意志控制的青少年中,身体侵害、关系侵害与外化问题存在正向关联。本研究结果表明,高反应性低意志控制的气质特点会增强同伴侵害与外化问题的联系,但增强效应可能具有情境性。恐惧和意志控制能够调节一般的压力环境与外化问题的关系,但是易受挫性和意志控制仅调节低频的、高强度的、引发愤怒的压力环境(如,女生的身体侵害)与外化问题的关系。本研究的结果提示我们,未来针对受侵害儿童的干预项目在实施过程中,要关注青少年气质的作用。
[Abstract]:Externalization problem refers to the behavior with obvious external manifestation, which is characterized by destructive and social violation of rules, because of the change of physiological and social ecological background. Adolescent externalization problem increased significantly. Adolescent externalization problem is related to their current and future negative adaptation results, such as poor academic performance, substance abuse. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the predictive factors of adolescent externalization problems. Peer aggression is an important predictor of adolescent externalization. Two main subtypes of peer aggression-physical aggression and relationship aggression-will lead to the increase of externalization problems. According to the individual environment interaction model. There are individual differences in the influence of peer aggression on adolescent externalization. Previous studies have revealed that the single dimension of temperament (such as negative emotion, will control) as individual differences. However, empirical studies in recent years have shown that the different dimensions of temperament play a role not alone, but in a joint way. There may be interaction between temperament reactivity (E. G. frustration and fear) and will control. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the role of the combined role of temperament reactivity and will control in the relationship between peer aggression and externalization. There are also potential gender differences in the interaction between peer aggression and temperament. In this study, 1226 senior high school adolescents and their mothers were used as subjects at a time point in the Chinese Children and adolescents tracking study (the average age of adolescents was 16.22 卤0.34 years old). Male 621 students investigated the influence of peer abuse on the externalization of adolescents in Chinese cultural background. The regulatory role of temperament reactivity (including frustration and fear) and will control in the association of peer invasion-externalization problems and the underlying gender difference patterns. Adolescent externalization was measured by the self-report version of the children's behavior check table, peer abuse was measured by the multi-dimensional aggression scale of self-report, and temperament was controlled by will in the self-report version of the early adolescence temperament scale. Three subscales of vulnerability to frustration and fear were measured. All scales had acceptable reliability and validity. By using multiple regression analysis and simple slope test, the study found that: 1) physical invasion. There is a positive correlation between relationship infringement and externalization. (2) there is a significant negative correlation between will control and externalization, a positive correlation between vulnerability and externalization, and no significant correlation between fear and externalization; 3) the relationship between physical aggression and externalization of female students can be adjusted by easily thwarting and will control, and there is a positive correlation between physical aggression and externalization in girls with high vulnerable and low will control. (4) fear and will control can adjust the physical aggression, the relationship between the relationship infringement and the externalization problem, the high fear low will control young people, the body encroachment. There is a positive correlation between relationship infringement and externalization. The results of this study show that the temperament characteristics of high reactive low will control can enhance the relationship between peer aggression and externalization. But reinforcement effect may be situational. Fear and will control can adjust the relationship between general stress environment and externalization problem, but easily thwarted and will control only low frequency and high intensity. The relationship between irritating stress (for example, girls' physical abuse) and externalization. The results of this study suggest that future intervention programs for children who have been violated are in the process of being implemented. Attention should be paid to the role of youth temperament.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2

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