回归教育本质—人性视角下的教育异化与纠偏

发布时间：2018-03-28 15:51

本文选题：人性化　切入点：教育本质　出处：《淮北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：教育异化问题一直是学者们关注的焦点,纵观当今教育现状,不难发现功利主义、文化消极成分、权力异化、技术主义等已成为无孔不入的痼疾折磨着教育和身处教育中的人,学生厌学、教师厌教的现象屡见不鲜,学校成为残酷的竞技场、人才的加工厂,此种情境下,教育培养出来的人是片面的、畸形的、单向度发展的,教育者与受教育者在漫长的教育旅途中痛苦跋涉,教育疏离了人性,丧失了本质。教育从其本质上来说是基于人性假设的培养完满人性的社会活动,育人是教育的核心和旨归,如果脱离了人性的基础,教育就失去了其存在的本真,成为一种没有灵魂的形式,并逐渐异化为压迫和规训人的工具。既然人是教育的根本出发点和归宿,那么在研究教育异化时,就应该从教育的本质出发,以人性为视角分析当今教育是怎样对人进行异化的以及出现异化现象的深层原因,同时提出教育异化纠偏的措施,只有通过这样的研究思路,我们才能彻底理解教育异化本质上是把教育的某些非本质属性和教育的本质属性混为一谈,掏空了教育的人性化价值内涵。基于此研究思路,本文总体上从三个步骤展开论述:首先,界定了人性化及教育本质的内涵,在此基础上论述了教育人性化本质的必然性、理论基础,得出人性化是教育本质的时代呼唤这一结论。其次,界定了异化与教育异化的内涵、判断标准,说明追溯教育异化的必要性并对教育异化发展史进行追溯和反思,从人性视角描述了教育疏离人性、走向异化的表现及危害,包括功利主义对教育的腐蚀,对人的物化;文化消极成分对教育的习染,对人的庸化;权力异化对教育的渗透,对人的奴化;技术主义对教育的侵蚀,对人的弱化。以此进一步从首要前提、世俗基础、内部因素、外部因素四个方面分析了教育异化产生的深层原因;最后,针对当前教育迷失本质的现实,提出了教育走向人性化、回归本质的相应对策,包括转变教育功利价值取向,实现由功利价值取向到人性价值取向;改变教育教学内容,强调人文素质教育与科学技术教育并重;转变教育过程及方式,由“人为”教育到“为人”教育;改革相关规章制度,由僵化、生硬到灵活、人性化。本文的主旨在于梳理当前教育异化的种种现状,探求教育回归本质的途径,同时为实践中的教育异化问题提供解决对策。
[Abstract]:The problem of educational alienation has always been the focus of attention of scholars. Looking at the present situation of education, it is not difficult to find that utilitarianism, negative elements of culture, alienation of power and technicalism have become pervasive chronic diseases that torment education and people in education. The phenomenon of students being tired of learning and teachers' abhorrence of teaching is common. The school has become a cruel arena and a processing factory for talents. In such a situation, the people trained by education are one-sided, deformed, and unidirectional. In the long journey of education, the educator and the educatee travel painfully, the education alienates the human nature and loses the essence. In essence, education is the social activity based on the hypothesis of human nature, and educating people is the core and aim of education. If separated from the foundation of human nature, education will lose its essence of existence, become a soulless form, and gradually dissimilate itself into an instrument of oppression and discipline. Since man is the fundamental starting point and destination of education, So when studying educational alienation, we should start from the essence of education, analyze from the angle of human nature how to dissimilate people and the deep causes of alienation, and put forward some measures to correct the alienation of education. Only through this kind of research thought can we fully understand that the essence of educational alienation is to confuse some non-essential attributes of education with the essential attributes of education and empty out the humanistic value connotation of education. Firstly, it defines the connotation of humanization and the essence of education, and on this basis discusses the inevitability and theoretical basis of the essence of humanization of education. Secondly, it defines the connotation of alienation and alienation of education, judges the standard, explains the necessity of tracing the alienation of education, and traces and reflects on the history of educational alienation. From the perspective of human nature, this paper describes the manifestation and harm of education alienation from human nature, including the corruptions of utilitarianism to education, the materialization of human beings, the negative elements of culture to education, the vulgarization of human beings, the infiltration of power alienation into education. The enslavement of human beings, the erosion of education by technicalism and the weakening of human beings. In this way, the author analyzes the deep causes of educational alienation from four aspects: first premise, secular foundation, internal factor and external factor; finally, In view of the reality that education has lost its essence, this paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures of education towards humanization and returning to essence, including changing the value orientation of educational utility, realizing the orientation from utilitarian value to human nature, changing the content of education teaching. Emphasizing the equal importance of humanistic quality education and science and technology education, changing the educational process and methods, from "human being" education to "being human" education, and reforming the relevant rules and regulations, from rigid, stiff to flexible, Humanization. The purpose of this paper is to sort out the current situation of educational alienation, to explore the way to return to the essence of education, and to provide solutions to the problem of educational alienation in practice.
【学位授予单位】：淮北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G40

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