亲子依恋对独生子女接纳“二胎”的影响—共情和自尊的作用

发布时间：2018-04-16 01:35

本文选题：亲子依恋 + 自尊　；参考：《四川师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：接纳“二胎”是指个体在认知、情感和行为三个方面对弟弟妹妹的接纳水平。二胎政策开放,越来越多的家庭即将迎来新生命。有研究表明,独生子女对“二胎”的接纳水平较低。而研究表明自尊和共情对接纳水平有预测作用,但国内对接纳“二胎”的实证研究还较少,因此,本研究对亲子依恋、自尊、共情与接纳“二胎”的关系进行研究。本次研究最终选取了576名6至15岁的学生作为被试,其中独生子女253人,非独生子女259人,即将有弟弟妹妹的学生64人,采用问卷法和访谈法,重点探讨了独生子女亲子依恋、共情、自尊和接纳“二胎”之间的关系。研究结果表明:1、所有被试的亲子依恋性别、年龄、出生地上均无显著差异,但在家庭情况上有显著差异,具体表现在:独生子女和即将有弟弟妹妹的学生在亲子依恋及各维度上显著高于非独生子女。2、所有被试的共情在性别、年龄、家庭情况及出生地上均存在显著差异。具体表现为:女生在幻想和和共情总分上显著高于男生。即将有弟弟妹妹的学生在共情及各维度上均高于非独生子女,独生子女在共情总分、观点采择、幻想、个人悲伤维度上均高于非独生子女。8-11岁学生的幻想水平显著高于其他两个年龄段学生。8-15岁学生在共情总分上显著高于6-7岁学生。城镇学生在共情及部分维度上得分均高于农村学生,只有在个人悲伤维度上无显著差异。3、所有被试的自尊在性别上不存在显著差异,但在家庭情况、年龄及出生地上都存在显著差异,具体表现在:独生子女和即将有弟弟妹妹的学生在自尊总分、外表、纪律及成就感维度上显著高于非独生子女,而在能力维度上,非独生子女显著高于独生子女及即将有弟弟妹妹的学生。年龄越大的学生自尊总分越高。城镇学生的自尊水平显著高于农村学生。4、所有被试的接纳水平在性别上不存在显著差异,但在家庭情况、年龄及出生地上都存在显著差异,具体表现在:即将有弟弟妹妹的学生在接纳总分上显著高于非独生子女。独生子女和即将有弟弟妹妹的情感和认知接纳显著高于非独生子女。年龄越大,接纳总分及认知接纳水平越高。12-15岁学生的情感接纳显著高于6-11岁学生,8-15岁学生的行为接纳高于6-7岁学生。城镇学生在接纳总分及各维度上显著高于农村学生。5、独生子女和非独生子女的亲子依恋及各维度对接纳总分具有显著预测作用,自尊和共情及各维度对接纳总分也具有显著预测作用。6、独生子女的亲子依恋、自尊、共情和接纳水平之间存在一定的关系,具体表现为:自尊和共情在亲子依恋和接纳之间都起着部分中介作用。而非独生子女的亲子依恋、自尊、共情和接纳水平之间不存在这种关系。
[Abstract]:Acceptance of second child refers to the level of acceptance of younger brother and sister in three aspects: cognition, emotion and behavior.With the opening of the two-child policy, more and more families are about to usher in a new life.Studies have shown that only-child acceptance of the "second child" is low.However, there are few empirical studies on the acceptance of second child in China. Therefore, the relationship between parent-child attachment, self-esteem, empathy and acceptance of "second child" is studied in this study.In this study, 576 students aged 6 to 15 were selected as subjects, including 253 only children, 259 non-only children and 64 students with younger siblings.Empathy, self-esteem and acceptance of a second child.The results showed that there were no significant differences in parent-child attachment sex, age and birth place among all subjects, but there were significant differences in family situation.The results were as follows: the degree of parent-child attachment and parent-child attachment between the only child and the students with younger brother and sister were significantly higher than those of the non-only child, and there were significant differences in gender, age, family situation and birthplace among all subjects.Specific performance: girls in fantasy and empathy on the total score significantly higher than boys.The students who are about to have younger brothers and sisters are higher in empathy and in all dimensions than non-only children, the only child in the total score of empathy, point of view, fantasy,The fantasy level of the students aged 8 to 11 was significantly higher than that of the students aged from 8 to 15 years old. The total score of empathy was significantly higher than that of the students aged 6 to 7 years old.The scores of empathy and some dimensions of urban students were higher than those of rural students, only there was no significant difference in personal grief dimension. There was no significant difference in self-esteem of all subjects in gender, but in family situation.There were significant differences in age and birthplace. The scores of self-esteem, appearance, discipline and sense of achievement were significantly higher than those of non-only children in the dimensions of self-esteem, appearance, discipline and sense of achievement between the only child and the student who was about to have a younger brother and sister, but in the ability dimension.Non-only children were significantly higher than only children and students with younger siblings.The older the students, the higher the total self-esteem score.The self-esteem level of urban students was significantly higher than that of rural students. There was no significant difference in the acceptance level of all subjects in gender, but there were significant differences in family situation, age and place of birth.The results showed that students with younger siblings were significantly higher than non-only children in the total acceptance score.The emotional and cognitive acceptance of the only child and the upcoming younger brother and sister was significantly higher than that of the non-only child.The higher the age, the higher the total score of acceptance and the higher the level of cognitive acceptance. The emotional acceptance of students aged 12-15 is significantly higher than that of students aged 6-11 years old or 8-15 years old than that of students aged 6-7 years.The total scores and dimensions of acceptance of urban students were significantly higher than that of rural students. The parent-child attachment of only child and non-only child and each dimension had significant predictive effect on the total score of admission.Self-esteem, empathy and each dimension also had significant predictive effect on the total score of acceptance. There was a certain relationship between parent-child attachment, self-esteem, empathy and acceptance level of only child.It is shown that self-esteem and empathy play an intermediary role between attachment and acceptance of parents and children.There is no such relationship between parent-child attachment, self-esteem, empathy and acceptance level.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2

【参考文献】