父母心理控制、幼儿情绪调节与社交退缩的关系

发布时间：2018-04-17 05:04

本文选题：幼儿 + 社交退缩　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：社交退缩是儿童在熟悉或陌生情景中表现出来的各种独处行为。作为幼儿阶段较为频发的内化问题之一,社交退缩已被证明是造成幼儿观点采择能力低、情绪功能障碍和消极自我概念的潜在危险因素,将会对幼儿社会适应产生诸多不利的影响。根据皮亚杰认知发展理论和班杜拉的社会发展理论,同伴交往是幼儿学习社会规则,提高社交技能的基本途径,缺乏同伴交往将会减慢甚至阻断幼儿社会化进程,导致幼儿社会适应问题的产生。因此,研究者逐渐关注那些“游离于同伴群体之外”的社交退缩幼儿,探究这一问题行为产生的原因和机制,对之进行有效干预与矫正。社交退缩的形成原因是复杂多元的,本研究试图从父母心理控制、幼儿情绪调节内外两个角度进行研究。父母心理控制是指父母对子女的心理过程施加影响,将自己的思想强加给子女对其进行控制的行为。近年来,有研究证明父母过度心理控制会使子女产生抑郁、焦虑等情绪功能障碍,更容易导致社会适应问题的产生,并且这种不良影响在幼儿阶段已经产生。根据Parke和Buriel“情绪调节在亲子互动与儿童社会能力之间具有中介作用”的理论判断,幼儿情绪调节策略可能在父母心理控制与社交退缩之间起着特殊的作用。本研究采取整群抽样法,选取济南市某幼儿园3-6岁幼儿共420名作为研究对象。采用问卷调查法,由教师评价幼儿在园社交退缩状况,由家长评价幼儿的情绪调节状况,以及自身对子女的心理控制水平。采用t检验、相关分析考察幼儿社交退缩的一般特点,及幼儿社交退缩与情绪调节策略、父母心理控制的关系。采用结构方程模型的方法探究幼儿情绪调节策略在父母心理控制与社交退缩间的中介作用,主要得出以下结论:第一,幼儿社交退缩总分的年龄差异不显著,被动退缩得分的年龄差异显著,大班显著低于小、中班;幼儿社交退缩及亚型没有显著的性别差异;独生子女社交退缩总分边缘显著高于非独生子女,被动退缩得分极显著高于非独生子女。第二,被动退缩与父亲保护儿童、母亲情感支持呈显著负相关,与母亲爱的收回呈显著正相关。沉默害羞与被动应付呈极显著正相关;主动退缩与认知重建呈显著负相关,与被动应付呈极显著正相关;被动退缩与认知重建呈显著负相关,与发泄呈显著正相关。第三,认知重建在父亲积极心理控制与幼儿被动退缩间起完全中介做用;被动应付在父亲消极心理控制与沉默害羞、主动退缩间起完全中介作用。第四,被动应付在母亲消极心理控制与沉默害羞、主动退缩间起完全中介作用。
[Abstract]:Social withdrawal is a variety of solitude behaviors that children exhibit in familiar or unfamiliar situations.As one of the more frequent internalization problems in early childhood, social withdrawal has been proved to be a potential risk factor for young children's low ability to take opinions, emotional dysfunction and negative self-concept.Will have a lot of adverse effects on children's social adaptation.According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development and Bandura's theory of social development, peer interaction is the basic way for children to learn social rules and improve their social skills. Lack of peer interaction will slow down or even block the process of children's socialization.Lead to the emergence of social adaptation of young children.Therefore, the researchers gradually pay attention to the social withdrawal children who "deviate from the peer group", explore the causes and mechanisms of the problem behavior, and carry out effective intervention and correction.The causes of social withdrawal are complex and multivariate. This study attempts to study the relationship between parents' psychological control and children's emotional regulation.Parental psychological control refers to the behavior of parents exerting influence on their children's psychological process and imposing their own thoughts on them.In recent years, some studies have proved that excessive psychological control of parents can lead to depression, anxiety and other emotional dysfunction, which is more likely to lead to social adaptation problems, and this adverse effect has been produced in early childhood.According to Parke and Buriel's theory that emotional regulation plays an intermediary role between parent-child interaction and children's social ability, emotional regulation strategies may play a special role between parents' psychological control and social withdrawal.In this study, 420 children aged 3 to 6 years old in a kindergarten in Jinan were selected by cluster sampling.The questionnaire was used to evaluate the social withdrawal of children in the kindergarten by teachers, and the emotional regulation of children by parents, as well as the psychological control level of their children.T test and correlation analysis were used to investigate the general characteristics of children's social withdrawal, and the relationship between social withdrawal and emotional adjustment strategies, parents' psychological control.By using the structural equation model to explore the mediating role of emotional regulation strategies between parents' psychological control and social withdrawal, the main conclusions are as follows: first, the age difference of total score of children's social withdrawal is not significant.The score of passive withdrawal was significantly lower in large class than in middle class; there was no significant gender difference in social withdrawal and subtype of children; the total score of social withdrawal of only child was significantly higher than that of non-only child.The score of passive withdrawal was significantly higher than that of non-only child.Second, passive withdrawal was negatively correlated with the father's protection of children, mother's emotional support was negatively correlated with the recovery of mother's love.Silence shyness was significantly positively correlated with passive coping; active withdrawal was negatively correlated with cognitive reconstruction; passive retreat was significantly negatively correlated with passive coping; passive withdrawal was significantly negatively correlated with cognitive reconstruction; and active withdrawal was positively correlated with venting.Thirdly, cognitive reconstruction plays a complete intermediary role between father's active psychological control and children's passive withdrawal, and passive coping plays a complete intermediary role between father's passive psychological control and silence and shyness.Fourth, passive coping acts as a complete mediator between mother's negative psychological control and silence, shyness and active withdrawal.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.12

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