1912-1913年湖南县乡议会之教育议案研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 04:45

本文选题：1912-1913年 + 县乡议会　；参考：《湖南科技大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：1912-1913年,湖南各县乡相继成立了议会,这是中国在基层推行地方民主自治的一次实践。县乡议会成立后,根据相关法令规章,积极关注本地区事务,维护自身及地方的利益。教育始终是各级议会关注的焦点,县乡议会提出了大量与教育相关的议案,以图振兴湖南的基础教育。其中教育经费是县乡议会议案的核心,有关教育经费的议案主要包括充分利用现有经费、拓宽经费来源、鼓励社会集资和私人办学、积极监督政府对教育的拨款等内容。为了满足地方人才储备的需要,县乡议会积极支持学校教育的发展,主要内容包括:普及小学教育、支持中学教育、培养乡土教师、提升师资质量、提高教员待遇、广泛吸引人才、兴办女子教育、统筹校本课程等。由于湖南不少县、乡较为偏僻、闭塞,学校教育无法全面普及。作为地方民意机构的县乡议会为开化民智、巩固政权,提出了许多发展社会教育的议案,通过广设阅报所、演讲团、讲习所、贫民习艺所来谋求教育的普及。县乡议会在1912-1913年期间所提出的这些教育议案有的尚有缺陷,有的未能落实,但总体来看,推动了当地教育的发展。在县乡议会的努力之下,湖南县乡的学校教育和社会教育都取得了一定成效,底层民众的文化素质与民主观念也得到了提升,可见地方议会在历史上的确发挥过作用。但受制于某些因素,议案中的一些计划和设想或者停留在纸面,或者在执行中大打折扣,由此透视出地方议会仍有很多不完善之处。1913年地方议会的停摆也说明了完全照搬西方的民主宪政之路在当时的中国行不通,而基层民主建设也非一蹴而就,它是一个渐进的发展过程,这个过程不仅需要国家的制度安排,更需要民众的配合与支持。
[Abstract]:From 1912 to 1913, the counties and townships of Hunan established the parliament one after another, which is a practice of promoting local democratic autonomy at the grass-roots level in China. After the establishment of the county and township councils, according to the relevant laws and regulations, actively pay attention to the local affairs and safeguard their own and local interests. Education has always been the focus of attention at all levels of parliaments, county and township councils have put forward a large number of education-related bills in order to revitalize basic education in Hunan. The education funds are the core of the county and township councils' bills. The bills on the education funds mainly include making full use of the existing funds, broadening the sources of funds, encouraging the society to raise funds and running private schools, and actively supervising the government's allocations for education and so on. In order to meet the needs of local talent reserve, the county and township councils actively support the development of school education. The main contents include: popularizing primary education, supporting secondary education, training native teachers, improving the quality of teachers, and improving the treatment of teachers. Attract talents extensively, set up women's education, co-ordinate school-based curriculum and so on. Due to Hunan many counties, rural areas more remote, closed, school education can not be fully popularized. As a local public opinion organization, the county and township councils put forward many bills for the development of social education in order to cultivate the wisdom of the people and consolidate the political power. They sought the popularization of education through the establishment of extensive newspapers, speaking groups, workshops, and institutions for the study of arts and arts among the poor. From 1912 to 1913, the county and township councils put forward these educational bills, some of which were flawed and some failed to be implemented, but in general, they promoted the development of local education. With the efforts of the county and township councils, the school education and social education of Hunan counties and townships have achieved certain results, and the cultural quality and democratic concept of the people at the bottom have also been promoted. It can be seen that the local councils have indeed played a role in history. However, due to certain factors, some of the plans and ideas in the bill either remain on paper or are badly discounted in their implementation. From this perspective, there are still many imperfections in the local councils. The shutdown of the local councils in 1913 also showed that the road of copying the democratic constitutionalism of the West completely did not work in China at that time, and the building of democracy at the grass-roots level was not achieved overnight. It is a gradual process of development, which needs not only the national institutional arrangements, but also the cooperation and support of the people.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G529

【参考文献】