“15年免费教育”的地方性实践探索与理性研判

发布时间：2018-06-08 11:51

本文选题：年免费教育 + 教育政策　；参考：《中国教育学刊》2017年04期

【摘要】：贯穿学前三年、义务教育九年和高中三年的"15年免费教育"概念及其地方性实践探索受到了社会各界的广泛关注。实践探索的主体以各级地方政府为主,以免学杂费并提供补助为基本方式,且均以财政经费为保障。从网络舆情的综合分析来看,赞赏性支持与警醒性反对意见并存。究其根本,经济社会发展对教育提出新的要求是"15年免费教育"产生的主要原因,地方政府财力的增强为其提供了物质基础,新时期的民生要求直接促成地方政府选择发展教育。然而,鉴于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情和经济社会发展的地区差异以及各地教育改革发展实际,在"普九"总体水平不高的情况下,面向未来的"15年免费教育"要基于对财力保障水平的切实评估量力而行。有条件的地方将其作为民生改善的基本公共教育服务保障举措值得鼓励,但要立足教育政策制订和决策科学化、规范化稳妥推进。作为整体性的国策还需要进一步开展经验总结和相关理论与实践问题的系统研究以及体制机制改革的准备,全盘谋划、科学论证。
[Abstract]:The concept of "15 years' free education", which runs through three years of pre-school, nine years of compulsory education and three years of high school, and its local practice has received extensive attention from all walks of life. The main body of practical exploration is local governments at all levels, so as to avoid tuition and miscellaneous expenses and provide subsidies as the basic way, and all of them are guaranteed by financial funds. From the comprehensive analysis of network public opinion, appreciative support and alert opposition coexist. At its root, economic and social development puts forward new demands on education, which is the main reason for the "15 years of free education", and the strengthening of local governments' financial resources provides a material basis for it. The people's livelihood requirements of the new period directly promote the local government to choose to develop education. However, in view of the basic national conditions in the primary stage of socialism and the regional differences in economic and social development, as well as the reality of educational reform and development in various localities, and given the fact that the overall level of "universal nine" is not high, A 15-year free education for the future should be based on a realistic assessment of the level of financial security. Places with conditions should be encouraged to take it as the guarantee measure of basic public education service to improve people's livelihood, but it should be based on the scientific education policy making and decision making, and should be standardized and advanced steadily. As a whole, the state policy also needs to further carry out the systematic research on the relevant theoretical and practical problems, as well as the preparation for the reform of the system and mechanism, overall planning and scientific argumentation.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学中国教育政策研究院;
【基金】：北京师范大学青年教师基金项目“基于网络舆情监测的教育决策支持系统研究”(项目编号:310422103)阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：G522

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