听障儿童听觉和言语特征及其关系的研究与训练策略

发布时间：2018-04-21 10:00

本文选题：听障儿童 + 听觉　；参考：《华东师范大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：本研究对听障儿童的听觉和言语特征进行分析,指出听觉言语康复的难点,探讨听障儿童听觉和言语之间的相互关系,并制定有效的训练策略。论文首先使用我国聋儿康复系统通用的听觉言语语言评估体系,对151名听障儿童的听觉言语康复效果进行一年的跟踪评估。通过多组实验设计,考察康复时间等因素对听障儿童听觉和言语语言能力发展的影响,探讨了听障儿童听觉能力与言语语言能力的发展规律及两者之间关系的一般规律。听障儿童的听觉能力和言语语言能力均随康复时间的延长而显著提高；听觉能力中的声母识别、言语语言能力中的语音清晰度和语言表达是听障儿童听觉言语康复中的难点；听障儿童听觉与言语语言能力存在显著正相关,但听觉能力的提高速度显著高于言语语言能力。为了具体分析听障儿童康复中存在的听觉识别和构音清晰度的问题所在,使用“构音语音能力评估词表”和“儿童音位对比式识别能力评估词表”对60名听障儿童的听觉辨识和构音语音能力进行对比分析,分析听障儿童音位对听觉辨识和构音语音异常的具体问题及其关系。听障儿童36对核心音位对的听觉辨识能力高于构音语音能力；声母音位对的辨识和发音较难；将听障儿童音位对的听觉辨识和构音语音对比特征分为六种类型,其中第三种和第六种类型的音位对需要进行针对性的强化训练。为了弥补构音语音异常主观评估的不足,寻找可以区分听障儿童易混淆音位对的声学特征参数,使用构音语音测量的方法对听障儿童易混淆的音位对进行声学特征分析,分析结果表明,坡度可以作为塞音与擦音音位对的区别特征参数,第二共振峰起始音征可以作为音位对d/g的区别特征参数。为了解决听障儿童康复中存在的精细语音辨识和发音困难的难点问题,本论文根据听障儿童音位对的发音错误走向及其与听觉辨识的关系,结合听障儿童的听觉言语康复特点,对当前构音语音训练和音位对比式听觉识别能力训练的方法进行提炼和整合,制定了针对性的听说联动训练策略,专门针对声母音位精细语音的辨识和发音训练,在听说联动评估的基础上,对21个声母音位进行开放式的音位对比听-说联动训练。本研究主要得到以下结论：听障儿童的言语语言能力发展相对落后于听觉能力；语音清晰度和声母识别能力较差是听障儿童康复中急需解决的问题；听障儿童音位对的听觉辨识能力高于构音语音能力；对由于听不清而造成发音混淆的音位对应进行专门的音位对比训练；声学特征分析可以为精确诊断声母音位歪曲的偏向提供科学依据；“音位对比听-说联动”训练策略充分发挥了听觉和言语联动关系的作用,提高了听觉言语康复的精度,使患儿听觉言语康复中的难点问题得到改善,有助于听障儿童各项能力的综合发展,为缩短康复时间提供了有效途径。
[Abstract]:This study analyzes the hearing and speech characteristics of hearing impaired children , points out the difficulties of hearing speech rehabilitation , discusses the interrelations among hearing impairment children ' s hearing and speech , and develops effective training strategies .

This paper first uses the universal auditory speech language evaluation system of deaf children ' s rehabilitation system in China to make a year follow - up evaluation on the auditory verbal rehabilitation effect of 151 hearing - impaired children . Through multiple sets of experiment design , the influence of rehabilitation time on hearing and speech language ability development of hearing - impaired children is studied .
The speech intelligibility and language expression in hearing ability are the difficulties in hearing impaired children ' s auditory verbal rehabilitation .
There is a significant positive correlation between hearing impairment and speech language ability , but the speed of hearing ability is significantly higher than that of speech language .

In order to analyze the problems of hearing impairment and speech intelligibility in children with hearing impairment , the auditory recognition and speech recognition of 60 hearing - impaired children were compared and analyzed by using the Speech Form of Speech Ability Assessment and Children ' s Phonological Speech Recognition . The specific problems and their relationship between hearing impairment and speech abnormality were analyzed . The auditory recognition ability of hearing impairment children 36 to core phoneme pairs was higher than that of voice speech recognition .
It is difficult to identify and pronounce the sound position of the sound mother ;
There are six types of auditory recognition and phonetic transcription in children with hearing impairment , among which the third and sixth types of phoneme pairs require targeted intensive training .

In order to make up for the deficiency of subjective assessment of voice abnormal sound , it is found that the acoustic characteristic parameters of the deaf children are easy to be confused . The acoustic characteristic analysis is carried out by using the method of voice measurement . The results show that the slope can be used as the distinguishing feature parameter of the sound position pair of the sound barrier and the fricatives , and the second resonance peak starting sound sign can be used as the distinguishing feature parameter of the phoneme pair d / g .

In order to solve the difficult problem of fine speech recognition and pronunciation difficulty in hearing impaired children ' s rehabilitation , this paper combines and integrates the pronunciation error trend of hearing impaired children and the relationship between auditory recognition and auditory speech rehabilitation of hearing impaired children .

In this study , the following conclusions are obtained : the speech language ability development of hearing impaired children lags behind the hearing ability ;
The poor speech intelligibility and the poor recognition ability are the urgent problems to be solved in the rehabilitation of hearing impaired children ;
The auditory recognition ability of hearing - impaired children ' s phoneme pairs is higher than that of voice - building voice .
a special phoneme comparison training is carried out for the phoneme corresponding to the pronunciation confusion caused by the hearing ;
The acoustic characteristic analysis can provide a scientific basis for the accurate diagnosis of the deflection of the sound - vowel sound .
The " phoneme contrast hearing - speaking linkage " training strategy fully exerts the function of hearing and speech linkage , improves the accuracy of auditory speech rehabilitation , improves the difficult problem in hearing speech rehabilitation of children , helps the comprehensive development of children ' s abilities of hearing impairment , and provides an effective way for shortening the recovery time .

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G762

【引证文献】