近代中国女子教育议题论争研究：国家政权建设的视角
发布时间：2019-06-27 07:21
【摘要】：本文是一项对近代中国女子教育议题论争及其变迁的研究。近代中国女子“是否应该接受教育”、“应该接受何种教育”以及“如何接受教育”是本文要叙述与讨论的主要议题。在此基础上,本文试图讨论近代中国的国家政权建设与女子教育议题论争的关系,从而将女子教育的小历史与国家转型的大历史勾连起来。 关于“女子应否接受教育”是一个前置性的论争议题,最早于1896年由维新派发起。他们从“兴女学”可以“强国保种”的目的出发,认为女子应该接受系统的学校教育。而保守派基于中国传统女子教育的观念,认为女子不应该接受学校教育,由此而展开论争。这一议题的论争结果是维新派暂时胜出,其标志是清廷学部于1907年3月颁布《女子小学堂章程》和《女子师范学堂章程》,正式将女子教育纳入官方的教育管理体制中。 “女子应接受何种教育”(即“女子教育宗旨是什么”)这一议题,是近代中国知识界探讨女子教育的核心议题。在维新前后至新文化运动以前,近代中国女子教育史上出现了第一次关于女子教育宗旨的大论争,论争主要围绕“贤母良妻”与“女国民”而展开。自新文化运动开始至南京国民政府成立前,第二次较大的女子教育宗旨论争再次出现。这一时期主要导因于五四运动前后新文化启蒙的效应,“贤母良妻”的教育宗旨作为传统教育理念遭到了无情的批判与驳斥,代之而起的则是初步具有女权主义色彩的“男女平等”教育宗旨,这一宗旨主张要将女子培养成与男子一样的具有健全独立人格的“人”。第三次较大的论争则出现在南京国民政府成立以后至新中国成立之前,主要围绕“母性主义”与“男女平等”教育宗旨而展开。 女子“应如何接受教育”这一议题具体分为两个方面：第一是“女子教育形式该如何设置”(即“男女应否同学”),第二是“女子教育内容应如何设置”(即“女子教育内容应更重家事教育还是职业教育”)。关于“男女应否同学”议题的论争在五四前后达到高峰,支持者基于“男女平等”的教育宗旨和女权主义的角度,认为女子应该与男子同学,反对者则基于“贤妻良母”论的教育宗旨以及从男权主义出发论证女子不应与男子同学。在关于“女子教育应更重家事教育还是职业教育”的论争上,同样服膺于对女子教育宗旨的厘定,秉持“贤妻良母”论者一般更倾向于更多地注重家事教育,而秉持“男女平等教育”论者则更多地主张职业教育。 本文认为,作为小历史的女子教育议题论争及其变迁史和整个女子教育史都受到宏观的大历史的影响。由于近代中国的特殊性,女子教育并非单纯的教育问题而更多地呈现出其政治特色。本文认为女子教育作为一种现代制度体系和现代教育现象,是近代中国建构现代国家政权建设的必然部分之一,所以,在近代中国的民族国家和民芒国家建构的过程中,女子教育亦受其历程的型塑,很大程度上,女子教育成为了国家政权建设的工具和利器之一。女子教育议题论争的历史事实表明,在国家政权建设远未完成前,作为现代制度体系之一的女子教育,其必然会面临诸多困境和论争,封建的经济基础和政治基础也无法支撑一套现代女子教育制度体系的运行。
[Abstract]:This paper is a study of the competition and changes of Chinese women's education in modern times. The modern Chinese women's "Should education be accepted", "what education should be accepted" and "how to accept education" are the main topics to be described and discussed in this paper. On the basis of this, this paper tries to discuss the relationship between the national political power construction and the women's education topic in modern China, so that the small history of the women's education is linked with the big history of the country's transformation. The question of whether the woman should accept education "is a prepositional argument, and the first in 1896, it was sent by the Weixin School. From the "the study of the development of women" of the "power conservation of powerful countries", they think that women should accept the system's school education The conservative is based on the concept of traditional Chinese women's education, and it is believed that the woman should not accept the education of the school, thereby developing the theory The result of the debate on this subject is the temporary win of the Weixin School, which marks the enactment of the Articles of Association of the Women's Small School and the Articles of Association of the Women's Normal School in March of 1907, and formally put the women's education into the official education management system. The subject of the "What kind of education should women take" (that is, the "What is the purpose of the women's education") is the core of the study of women's education in the modern China's knowledge circle. The first time in the history of Chinese women's education has appeared in the history of Chinese women's education about the "a good wife and a good wife" and the "a woman of a woman" in the history of the new culture before and after the new cultural movement. From the beginning of the new cultural movement to the founding of the National Government of Nanjing, the second great aim of the women's education is to contend This period is mainly due to the effect of the enlightenment of the new culture before and after the May 4th Movement, and the educational purpose of the "a good wife and a good wife" has been criticized and refuted by the merciless criticism and refute of the traditional education idea, and the generation of the "gender equality" is the primary education with a feminist color. The purpose of this purpose is to develop a woman as a "a man" . The third big debate appeared before the establishment of the Nanjing National Government and before the founding of the new China, mainly around the "matriarchism" and the "gender equality" education purpose The issue of "women and men's equality" is divided into two aspects: "how to accept education" (i.e. how to set up "the form of women's education") and whether the second one should be "whether or not" (i.e., "the content of women's education should be more family)" 【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G776
本文编号：2506601
[Abstract]:This paper is a study of the competition and changes of Chinese women's education in modern times. The modern Chinese women's "Should education be accepted", "what education should be accepted" and "how to accept education" are the main topics to be described and discussed in this paper. On the basis of this, this paper tries to discuss the relationship between the national political power construction and the women's education topic in modern China, so that the small history of the women's education is linked with the big history of the country's transformation. The question of whether the woman should accept education "is a prepositional argument, and the first in 1896, it was sent by the Weixin School. From the "the study of the development of women" of the "power conservation of powerful countries", they think that women should accept the system's school education The conservative is based on the concept of traditional Chinese women's education, and it is believed that the woman should not accept the education of the school, thereby developing the theory The result of the debate on this subject is the temporary win of the Weixin School, which marks the enactment of the Articles of Association of the Women's Small School and the Articles of Association of the Women's Normal School in March of 1907, and formally put the women's education into the official education management system. The subject of the "What kind of education should women take" (that is, the "What is the purpose of the women's education") is the core of the study of women's education in the modern China's knowledge circle. The first time in the history of Chinese women's education has appeared in the history of Chinese women's education about the "a good wife and a good wife" and the "a woman of a woman" in the history of the new culture before and after the new cultural movement. From the beginning of the new cultural movement to the founding of the National Government of Nanjing, the second great aim of the women's education is to contend This period is mainly due to the effect of the enlightenment of the new culture before and after the May 4th Movement, and the educational purpose of the "a good wife and a good wife" has been criticized and refuted by the merciless criticism and refute of the traditional education idea, and the generation of the "gender equality" is the primary education with a feminist color. The purpose of this purpose is to develop a woman as a "a man" . The third big debate appeared before the establishment of the Nanjing National Government and before the founding of the new China, mainly around the "matriarchism" and the "gender equality" education purpose The issue of "women and men's equality" is divided into two aspects: "how to accept education" (i.e. how to set up "the form of women's education") and whether the second one should be "whether or not" (i.e., "the content of women's education should be more family)" 【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G776
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