德国应用科技大学创建发展、办学特色及其启示

发布时间：2017-12-28 09:00

本文关键词：德国应用科技大学创建发展、办学特色及其启示　出处：《河北科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当前我国正处于产业转型升级的关键阶段,亟需数以百万计、千百计的“高级白领”、“高级蓝领”等应用型人才。2014年国务院发布《关于加快发展现代职业教育的决定》,提出构建现代职业教育体系的具体措施,要求积极推进应用科技大学建设。借鉴德国应用科技大学发展的成功经验,对破解我国应用科技大学建设面临的瓶颈问题、推进本科层次应用型人才培养模式改革具有重要价值。20世纪60年代末期,德国经济迅速发展,社会对应用型人才的需求大增,德国政府开始探索多元化的高等教育发展模式,几经探索后,应用科技大学应运而生。创立初期的应用科技大学,主要由办学条件较好的工程师学校、高级专业学校合并而来,其德语名称为“Fachhochschulen”(简称FH),但学校规模较小、类型比较单一、专业设置范围较窄。20世纪80年代开始,德国政府综合运用法律、政策等措施,推动应用科技大学发展。应用科技大学的生源范围不断扩大,专业逐步呈现综合性、聚集性,办学模式开始走向国际化,并获得相应的学位授予权,应用型人才培养质量得到社会认可。目前,德国应用科技大学已发展成为与综合性大学、职业院校并列的高等教育类型,成为德国“h”型高等教育系统的重要组成部分。本研究运用多种研究方法,系统分析了德国应用科技大学的办学特色,创新性地总结了其成功经验。德国应用科技大学办学特色主要体现在:一是办学定位明确,主要通过培养应用型人才为社会服务;二是专业设置灵活,通过动态调整课程设置、及时更新教学内容主动适应市场需求;三是人才培养过程注重实践,通过设立单独的实习学期、采用项目化教学方法和“双元制”育人模式等方式强化实践训练;四是“双师型”的教师队伍,提升高校应用型人才培养质量。对我国而言,一是要以现代职业教育发展政策为抓手,转变大众观念,加大应用型人才培养力度。二是要完善高等教育衔接机制,积极构建应用型高校与多层次高等教育的立交桥,为大学生成长成才提供多种渠道。三是要引导行业企业参与应用人才培养,使办学主体多元化。四是高校要明确自身办学定位,以专业设置为切入点,以产教融合为支撑,以“双师型”师资为保障,适度发展应用型研究生教育,切实为社会培养应用人才。
[Abstract]:At present, China is in the critical stage of industrial transformation and upgrading. It needs millions of thousands of senior white-collar workers and senior blue collar talents. In 2014, the State Council issued the decision on accelerating the development of modern vocational education, put forward specific measures for building modern vocational education system, and urged actively promoting the construction of Applied Science and Technology University. Learning from the successful experience of the University of Applied Science and technology in Germany, it is of great value to solve the bottleneck problems faced by the construction of Applied Science and Technology University and promote the reform of undergraduate level applied talents training mode. In the late 1960s, the German economy was developing rapidly, and the demand for applied talents increased greatly. The German government began to explore the diversified development mode of higher education. After several explorations, the University of applied science came into being. The early application University of science and technology was mainly merged by the engineering schools and senior professional schools with better running conditions. Its German name is "Fachhochschulen" (FH), but its size is small, its types are relatively single, and its professional settings are narrow. In 1980s, the German government made comprehensive use of laws and policies to promote the development of the University of Applied Science and technology. The application of Applied Science and Technology University has expanded its student source scope, and its specialty has been showing a comprehensive and aggregated nature. The school running mode has begun to internationalize, and the right of conferring academic degrees has been granted. The quality of applied talents has been recognized by the society. At present, the University of Applied Science and technology in Germany has developed into a type of higher education juxtaposed with comprehensive universities and vocational colleges. It has become an important part of the German "H" type higher education system. This study uses a variety of research methods to systematically analyze the characteristics of the University of Applied Science and technology in Germany and summarize its successful experience innovatively. The characteristics of German University of applied science is mainly embodied in the clear positioning, mainly through the cultivation of applied talents for social services; two is a professional set flexible, by dynamically adjusting the curriculum, updating teaching content timely and actively adapt to market demand; the three is the process of personnel training practice focus, strengthen practice and training through the establishment of a separate internship semester using the project teaching method and the "dual system" mode of education and so on; the four is the "double" teachers, improving the cultivation quality of Applied Talents in Colleges and universities. For our country, first, we should take the development policy of modern vocational education as the grasp, change the public concept and strengthen the training of applied talents. The two is to improve the connection mechanism of higher education, and actively build the cross bridge between the applied universities and the multi-level higher education, so as to provide a variety of channels for the growth of college students. The three is to guide the industry enterprises to participate in the training of applied talents, so as to diversify the main body of the school. Four, colleges and universities should clarify their own school running orientation, take professional setup as the breakthrough point, support production and teaching integration as the support, and "double qualified" teachers as the guarantee, and appropriately develop applied graduate education, and practically train applied talents for the society.
【学位授予单位】：河北科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G649.516

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