低钾与高钾血症教学经验探讨

发布时间：2018-02-10 06:18

本文关键词： 钾代谢理论联系实际实验成功率现代教学技术胃肠道平滑肌高钾血症独立思维能力医学教育病理生理学钾离子 　出处：《中国病理生理杂志》2013年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：钾离子代谢紊乱是病理生理学中很重要的一部分,本科各专业学生对于这部分内容理解感到非常困难,为了他们更好理解和掌握钾代谢异常,本文从理论和实验2个方面做了一些教学经验的介绍。(1)理论教学注重重点难点的解决,首先讲清楚正常的钾代谢及其调节机制,然后才延伸至异常钾代谢,使学生对低钾和高钾的发病原因掌握清楚;在授课过程中,注重问题式引导,帮助学生理解,我们一般提出几个主要问题:一是为什么低钾时骨骼肌和胃肠道平滑肌的兴奋性降低而心肌的兴奋性增高?二是为什么低钾和高钾(急性轻度)对心肌兴奋性的影响都是增高?三是两者对心电图和酸碱平衡的影响有些什么特点?经过学生思考,教师循循善诱给出解释。(2)实验课程中充分利用现代教学技术和手段,观看教学片和本实验室多年精选的学生实验录像,使学生对实验过程和目的更加清楚具体;注重实验细节,提高实验成功率,并理论联系实际,做好高质量的实验分析。无论是理论教学还是实验教学,培养医学生独立思维能力、创新意识和实践动手能力,已成为医学教育教学改革的主要使命。
[Abstract]:Potassium metabolic disorder is a very important part of pathophysiology. It is very difficult for undergraduate students to understand this part, so that they can better understand and master the abnormal potassium metabolism. This paper introduces some teaching experiences from two aspects of theory and experiment. (1) theoretical teaching pays attention to the solution of key and difficult points. Firstly, it explains the normal potassium metabolism and its regulating mechanism, then extends to abnormal potassium metabolism. Make the students have a clear understanding of the causes of hypokalemia and hyperkalemia. In the course of teaching, pay attention to problem-oriented guidance to help students understand. We generally put forward several main questions: first, why does the excitability of skeletal muscle and gastrointestinal smooth muscle decrease while the excitability of myocardium increases when potassium is low? Second, why are the effects of hypokalemia and hyperkalemia (acute mild) on myocardial excitability increased? Third, what are the characteristics of their effects on ECG and acid-base balance? Through the students' thinking, the teacher gives the explanation along the way. (2) in the experiment course, we make full use of the modern teaching technology and means, watch the teaching film and the student experiment video selected by our laboratory for many years, so that the students can understand the experiment process and aim more clearly and concretely; Paying attention to the details of experiment, improving the success rate of experiment, combining theory with practice, doing well the experiment analysis of high quality, whether in theory teaching or experiment teaching, cultivating medical students' independent thinking ability, innovation consciousness and practical ability. It has become the main mission of medical education and teaching reform.
【作者单位】：三峡大学医学院;
【分类号】：G642;R589-4

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