基于文本的国家重点学科建设制度分析

发布时间：2018-05-25 05:47

本文选题：国家重点学科 + 建设制度　；参考：《中南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：国家重点学科建设制度是国家重点学科建设的依据与依托。国家重点学科建设制度化的过程是国家按照学科建设的内在规律和要求,对学科建设做系统的制度性安排,从而使学科良性发展的过程。从国家重点学科建设制度的发展历程来看,在我国建国初期建立的重点大学制度下形成的“重点”建设、“择优”建设思想和20世纪50年代的院系调整构建的高等教育基本框架及学科结构为国家重点学科建设制度的形成与发展做了前期铺垫。而始于1987年延续到2007年的三次国家重点学科评选则是国家重点学科建设制度建立、发展、完善的标志。由于国家重点学科建设制度首先是以国家政策的形式出现的,因此国家重点学科建设既是学科建设与发展的必然,更是国家学科建设制度设计与国家推行、实施的结果。作为一种国家政策,各个时期国家重点学科建设制度在指导思想与建设思路、评选条件与评选标准、评审模式与评审规则、管理体制与建设措施等方面的内容既保持了连续性和一贯性,又随着国家、高等教育、学科的发展而有所发展、提升。作为国家学科建设制度设计的结果,在国家重点学科建设制度的作用下,我国已经有一批学科和大学进入了世界一流学科、一流大学的行列。大部分国家重点学科不但承担了国家重大科研任务,还能够立足现有基础深入研究社会重大理论和实际问题。与此同时,国家重点学科制度也直接或间接的导致了我国大学学科结构分布的不合理,尤其在自然科学学科和人文科学学科的分布上；促成了金字塔形的高校生态结构；间接造成了高等教育资源地域分布不均的局面。要实现国家重点学科建设的最终目的,就要正视制度本身的弱点与不足,通过拓宽制度对国家重点学科的定义,建立准入、准退制度,改革评审制度,扩大制度规定的评选范围,完善制度内容等手段,一方面促使政府对国家重点学科的投资由“锦上添花”型向“雪中送炭”型转变,扩大有限资金的受众面,实现高等教育资源的强弱互补另一方面引入多方力量,共同投资、建设国家重点学科。
[Abstract]:National key discipline construction system is the basis and support of national key discipline construction. The process of institutionalizing the construction of national key disciplines is the process of making systematic institutional arrangements for the construction of disciplines according to the inherent laws and requirements of the construction of disciplines so as to make the discipline develop healthily. From the point of view of the development course of the national key discipline construction system, the "key university" construction formed under the key university system established in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, The construction thought of "selecting the best" and the basic framework and discipline structure of higher education which were adjusted and constructed by the colleges and departments in the 1950s have paved the way for the formation and development of the national key discipline construction system. The three national key disciplines selection from 1987 to 2007 is the symbol of the establishment, development and perfection of the national key discipline construction system. Because the national key discipline construction system first appears in the form of national policy, so the national key discipline construction is not only the necessity of discipline construction and development, but also the result of the design of national discipline construction system and the implementation and implementation of the state discipline construction system. As a kind of national policy, the national key discipline construction system in each period is in the guiding ideology and the construction thought, the appraisal condition and the appraisal standard, the appraisal pattern and the appraisal rule, The contents of management system and construction measures have not only maintained continuity and consistency, but also developed and promoted with the development of country, higher education and discipline. As the result of the design of the national discipline construction system, under the function of the national key discipline construction system, a number of disciplines and universities in China have entered the ranks of the world-class disciplines and universities. Most national key disciplines not only undertake the important scientific research task of the country, but also can deeply study the major theoretical and practical problems of society based on the existing foundation. At the same time, the national key discipline system also leads directly or indirectly to the unreasonable distribution of the discipline structure of universities in China, especially in the natural science and the humanities, and contributes to the pyramid ecological structure of colleges and universities. Indirectly, the distribution of higher education resources is uneven. In order to realize the ultimate goal of national key discipline construction, it is necessary to face squarely the weaknesses and shortcomings of the system itself. By broadening the definition of the national key discipline in the system, establishing the system of admission, granting and withdrawing, and reforming the system of evaluation and evaluation, On the one hand, by expanding the selection scope stipulated by the system and perfecting the contents of the system, the government can, on the one hand, promote the government's investment in the key subjects of the state to change from the "icing on the cake" type to the "helping the charcoal" type, so as to expand the audience of limited funds. On the other hand, we should introduce various forces, invest together and build national key disciplines.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G642.3

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