美国高校实施创客教育的路径分析

发布时间：2018-05-31 10:40

本文选题：创客教育 + 高等教育　；参考：《开放教育研究》2015年03期

【摘要】：近年来,随着全美创客行动(Maker Movement)的快速发展,美国越来越多的高校开始将创客教育(Maker Education)作为培养学生创造与创新能力以及创业就业能力的重要途径。创客教育的核心是支持学生开展基于创造的学习,而基于创造的学习的关键是对学生学习主体性、实践性、深度参与性、连续性与完整性(学生往往需要完成从规划到设计再到开发制作产品的完整过程)的充分尊重。学生在基于创造的学习过程中需要主动发现、自主探究,在发现、分析与解决问题的过程中创生、验证、发展出自己的创想,在提升问题解决能力的同时又保持创造的激情与信心,这些是创造与创新能力的核心品质。基于对美国高校实施创客教育的具体举措与经验的梳理与总结,本文分析了美国高校开展创客教育的基本路径:在意识层面积极响应全美创客行动,充分重视创客教育在高等教育中的价值,这是实施创客教育的起点与目标指向;在规划层面注重对学校开展创客教育的整体设计,充分关注与社区创客教育的联动,这是实施创客教育的重要前提;在实践层面着力打造优质的创客空间提供创客教育环境,灵活选择适切的创客教育实施方式,这是创客教育得以真正实施的重要依托。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of maker Movement, more and more colleges and universities in the United States begin to take maker Education as an important way to cultivate students' ability of creation, innovation and entrepreneurial employment. The core of creative-oriented education is to support students to carry out creation-based learning, while the key to creation-based learning is the subjectivity, practicality and deep participation of students. Continuity and integrity (students often need to complete the complete process from planning to design to product development). Students need to actively discover, explore independently, create, verify and develop their own ideas in the process of discovering, analyzing and solving problems in the process of creation-based learning. The core qualities of creativity and innovation are to improve the ability to solve problems while maintaining the passion and confidence of creation. Based on combing and summing up the concrete measures and experiences of carrying out guest education in American colleges and universities, this paper analyzes the basic path of carrying out guest education in American colleges and universities: responding positively to the action of creating guest in the level of consciousness. It is the starting point and goal of carrying out the education of creating guest, the whole design of carrying out the education of creating guest to the school, and the linkage with the education of creating guest in the community, paying full attention to the value of the education of creating a guest in the higher education, and paying full attention to the value of the education of creating a guest in the higher education. This is the important premise of the implementation of guest education; in the practical level to create a high quality space to create a guest education environment, flexible choice of appropriate ways of implementation of guest education, which is the important basis for the implementation of the creation of guest education.
【作者单位】：东北师范大学计算机科学与信息技术学院;
【基金】：教育部科学技术战略研究项目“大数据支持下的学习分析与教学评价研究”(2014XX07)
【分类号】：G649.712

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