如何解读美国的大学排行榜

发布时间：2018-06-22 20:33

本文选题：美国 + 大学本科　；参考：《复旦教育论坛》2013年02期

【摘要】：美国大学本科排行榜由《美国新闻与世界报道》主办。它是高中学生选择申请大学时最受欢迎的工具书。下述七个因素决定了每所大学在排行榜中的位置:学校的学术影响与声望;学生毕业率与返校率;师资水准;录取的难易程度;学校财源;实际毕业率与期望毕业率之差;校友赞助。在这七个因素当中,学校的学术影响与声望和学生毕业率占据最重要的位置。由于该排行榜只发表了那些被录取后来校注册的学生的SAT成绩和他们在高中阶段的表现,而非全部被录取考生的相关信息,由此而产生的对考生及其家长的误导是显而易见的。20世纪90年代中期以来,个别大学或学院为了提高在该排行榜中的位次,进而吸引更多考生报名,不惜弄虚作假,但这些现象并不足以否定此排行榜存在的正面意义。美国大学本科排行榜不仅有助于高中生升学,而且促使美国大学(特别是研究型大学)更加注重本科教学。
[Abstract]:The undergraduate rankings of American universities are sponsored by the American News and World report. It is the most popular reference book for high school students when they choose to apply for college. The following seven factors determine the position of each university in the ranking: academic influence and reputation of the university; graduation rate and return rate of students; quality of teachers; degree of difficulty in admission; financial resources of the school; difference between actual graduation rate and expected graduation rate; Alumni sponsorship. Among these seven factors, academic influence and reputation and graduation rate are the most important ones. Since the ranking only publishes SAT scores and their performance in high school for students who have been admitted to school, not all of them, The resulting misdirection of candidates and their parents is obvious. Since the mid-1990s, individual universities or colleges have tried to increase their place in the rankings and thus attract more candidates to sign up. But these phenomena are not enough to negate the positive significance of this list. American undergraduate rankings not only help high school students to advance, but also encourage American universities (especially research universities) to pay more attention to undergraduate teaching.
【作者单位】：北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校院校研究办公室;
【分类号】：G649.712

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