高等教育专业性别隔离研究

发布时间：2018-08-06 09:50

【摘要】：自1999年实行高校扩招以来，我国高等教育在这十几年间发生了深刻变化。随着我国高等教育大众化的推进，女性在高等教育中所占比例不断增加，表面看来性别比例日益均衡，但高等教育暴露出的性别问题却愈发呈现出多元性和复杂性特点，专业的性别隔离正是其中之一。高等教育的专业性别隔离现象早已存在，但理工科与文科专业间的性别分化现实并未引起重视，甚至被视为顺理成章，但当研究者将专业的性别分化现象同毕业后收入水平和职业地位上明显的性别差异相结合时，发现专业的这种性别化区分并非单纯源于个人理性选择，其背后的社会原因复杂，且影响深远。因此本研究重点考察高等教育专业性别隔离的形成过程，了解专业是如何被选定的？性别隔离专业学生的体验与感受如何？社会性别因素在这过程中发挥了哪些作用？本文运用女性主义社会性别的视角，通过质性研究的方法，以工科背景浓厚的W大学为例，选择了13名大二同学作为研究对象，通过收集大学生在专业选择和训练阶段真实体验的回忆与叙说，在社会性别理论和社会化理论的基础上对一手访谈资料进行细致的描述性和解释性分析。目的是探讨在中国的文化环境下，高校学生是如何选择专业的，最后从三个方面归纳出影响专业性别隔离形成的社会性别因素。个人的社会性别意识、专业蕴含的性别刻板印象、以及劳动力市场的性别歧视对专业性别隔离的影响不仅是一个“性别化”的过程，还包含了一个更大社会结构的隐喻，与男性为主导的社会文化息息相关。尽管本研究的开展主要基于少数学生提供的感性材料，但“个人的经验和知识其实是衍生于社群和群体中一些‘我们’的经验和知识”，，因此笔者希望通过这些鲜活真实的个人经验能发现学科专业发展背后的一些结构性问题。同时希望能以此为契机唤起人们的性别敏感意识，更企盼引起教师、学校和社会对教育活动中性别问题的更多重视和反思，共同营造一个自由、可持续性的发展环境。
[Abstract]:Since the implementation of college enrollment expansion in 1999, China's higher education has undergone profound changes in the past ten years. With the development of popularization of higher education in China, the proportion of women in higher education is increasing, and it appears that the gender ratio is becoming more and more balanced, but the gender problems exposed in higher education are becoming more and more diverse and complex. Professional gender segregation is one of them. The phenomenon of professional gender segregation in higher education has existed for a long time, but the reality of gender differentiation between science and engineering and liberal arts majors has not been paid attention to, and is even regarded as a matter of course. However, when researchers combine the phenomenon of gender differentiation of major with the obvious gender difference in income level and professional status after graduation, it is found that the sexualization of major is not due solely to individual rational choice, but the social reasons behind it are complex. And the influence is far-reaching. Therefore, this study focuses on the formation of gender segregation of higher education majors, to understand how majors are selected? What are the experiences and feelings of students majoring in gender segregation? What are the roles of gender factors in this process? In this paper, 13 sophomores are chosen as the objects of study from the perspective of feminist gender, and through qualitative research, taking W University with a strong engineering background as an example. Through collecting the recollection and narration of college students' real experience in the stage of major selection and training, the author makes a detailed descriptive and explanatory analysis of the first-hand interview materials on the basis of the theory of gender and the theory of socialization. The purpose of this paper is to explore how college students choose their major under the Chinese cultural environment, and finally conclude the social gender factors that affect the formation of gender segregation of major from three aspects. The gender awareness of the individual, the gender stereotype contained in the profession, and the influence of gender discrimination in the labour market on professional gender segregation are not only a process of "sexization", but also a metaphor for a larger social structure. It is closely related to the male-dominated society and culture. Although this study is based primarily on perceptual material provided by a few students, "personal experience and knowledge is derived from some'we 'experience and knowledge in communities and groups". Therefore, the author hopes to find some structural problems behind the development of discipline through these vivid personal experiences. At the same time, I hope that we can take this opportunity to arouse people's gender sensitivity, hope to arouse teachers, schools and society to pay more attention to and reflect on gender issues in educational activities, so as to create a free and sustainable development environment together.
【学位授予单位】：武汉工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G640

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