1909年首届庚款留美活动再探

发布时间：2018-03-02 06:06

本文关键词： 庚款留美运动招考学部外务部　出处：《宁波大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：庚款留美运动始于1909年，因其经费源于美国退还的庚子赔款而得名。在此后的几十年中，该运动向美国输送了数量庞大中国学生，为近代中国培养了一批具有影响力的人物，其重要性自不待言。目前对这一话题的讨论亦不在少数。然而，现有的研究对首届庚款留美活动的描述多集中于此次活动的考试及其结果的宏观叙述上，将该事件的发生过程简单化。首届庚款留美运动于宣统元年展开，正值慈禧太后和光绪皇帝的离世且清末改革稍见成效之时。庚款的退还虽出于中国外交官的努力与美国的自愿，但将退还的庚款用于中国学生留美的决定则是美国出于当时国际形势所作出的外交决策。此事转至国内后引发广泛关注，中央、地方以及个人都对此表现出极大的兴趣。而最终留美招考方案的出台则是外、学两部参考各方意见，同时相互妥协，平分学额的结果。考试的结果则被当时的舆论批评为“巨老”之子云集。以上种种使得此次考试距其为国家培养人材的初衷相去甚远。而这些现象背后所反映的则是整个晚清新政在制度改革过程中所出现的问题。中央层面的行政混乱更为晚清之后的乱局埋下隐患。文章即通过对1909年前后报纸上的相关报道、当事人的回忆录以及部分档案资料的梳理，力图还原该事件更为复杂的历史面向。
[Abstract]:The movement began in 1909 and was named for its funding from the U. S. refunds of the Boxer. In the decades that followed, the movement sent a large number of Chinese students to the United States, cultivating a group of influential people for modern China. There is no doubt about its importance. There is no shortage of discussions on this topic. However, the description of the first GG study in the United States has focused on the macro description of the test and the results of the event. Simplify the course of the event. The first movement to stay in the United States began in the first year of the United States, when Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guang Xu passed away, and the late Qing Dynasty had slightly achieved results in the reform. Although the refund of the Geng was due to the efforts of Chinese diplomats and the voluntary efforts of the United States, However, the decision to use the refund for Chinese students to stay in the United States was a diplomatic decision made by the United States in the light of the international situation at that time. Local and individual people have shown great interest in this. And the final plan for admission to the United States is to learn from the views of all parties concerned, and compromise with each other at the same time. The results of the examination were criticized by public opinion at that time as the son of the Great Age. All of this makes the examination far from its original intention of cultivating talent for the country. But these phenomena reflect the problems in the process of system reform of the whole New deal of the late Qing Dynasty. Administrative mixing at the central level. Chaos more late Qing Dynasty after the chaos buried hidden dangers. The article tries to restore the more complicated historical face of the event by combing the related reports in the newspapers before and after 1909, the memoirs of the parties and part of the archival materials.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K257;G648.9

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