基于计划行为理论的上海市7-15岁少年儿童闲暇时间中高强度体力活动水平研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 19:20

  本文关键词：基于计划行为理论的上海市7-15岁少年儿童闲暇时间中高强度体力活动水平研究　出处：《上海体育学院》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 计划行为理论 7-15岁少年儿童 闲暇时间 中高强度体力活动

【摘要】：与近30多年中国政治经济实力迅猛发展不同的是,少年儿童体力活动时间却大幅度减少。尽管全球范围内对少年儿童体力活动采取了一定的促进措施,如制定每天至少参与60分钟中高强度体力活动的推荐量,但没有显著的实施效果。因此要从心理层面探究影响少年儿童体力活动水平及参与意向的因素。本研究旨在通过Acti Graph GT3X-Plus型加速度器测量,客观评价上海市部分区县少年儿童闲暇时间中高强度体力活动(Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity,下用MVPA表示)处于何等水平及在人口统计学因素中的差异性;检验计划行为理论对未来一周少年儿童闲暇时间MVPA的普适性;通过访谈探究计划行为理论框架下各变量对少年儿童闲暇时间MVPA参与行为的影响。本文运用加速度器测量一周闲暇时间内少年儿童MVPA水平,采用量表测量少年儿童未来一周的行为意向、行为态度、主观规范、感知行为控制,运用访谈法分析计划行为理论各因素对少年儿童闲暇时间MVPA的影响。并运用Acti Life6.5软件和SPSS19.0对所得数据进行统计和分析。本文研究结果表明:第一,353名上海市7—15岁少年儿童闲暇时间MVPA低于国外,上学日为12.79min/d,周末为14.10min/d,总MVPA为15.27 min/d。男生上学日、周末及总MVPA参与时间均高于女生且男生有更高的体力活动行为意向与参与时间。低年级的参与意向与感知行为控制要高于高年级,也一定程度上影响了其MVPA参与行为,低年级参与行为高于高年级。第二,少年儿童MVPA参与行为受到行为意向的直接影响和行为态度的间接推动作用,感知行为控制、行为态度、主观规范均与行为意向有显著相关性。在人口学变量控制下,TPB模型可以解释少年儿童11.0%的MVPA参与行为,被定义为“中等影响”。行为意向是TPB模型重要预测因素;行为态度和感知行为控制是行为意向的重要预测因子,解释了行为意向的33.3%的方差。第三,根据计划行为理论涵盖的四大要素分析表明:多数少年儿童在闲暇时间内有MVPA参与意向,促进MVPA水平的因素排序前三位的是兴趣爱好,强身健体和体育成绩达标;少年儿童虽然持有积极的体力活动评价,但行为态度对体力活动参与行为的影响微弱。这在一定程度上说明少年儿童MVPA参与受自我信念的影响较大。主观规范:1.家庭层面的支持中,少年儿童主要受到父母的影响较大,多以陪伴、言语和物资支持为主,多数少年儿童受到父母的鼓励会更加想要参加体力活动且更希望其陪伴参与;2.朋友/同伴的支持多以陪伴、给予言语鼓励和相互分享运动经历为主,部分少年儿童更喜欢挑战高水平运动技能参与者。体力活动的性别差异:不与异性一起参与的因素主要集中在技能差异、选择项目差异方面。持无性别差异影响观点的同学有共同的兴趣和爱好;3.体育教师对学生体力活动的支持主要是以言语鼓励、运动建议和技能传授的支持。体育教师支持对少年儿童闲暇时间体力活动影响主要集中在激发学生体力活动积极性上。感知行为控制:对大部分学生体力活动水平形成消极影响因素的有学业压力、无闲暇时间、坏天气;形成积极影响因素的是有便利的场地和设施及物质支持、运动技能和好天气。在计划行为理论框架外,影响上海市少年儿童闲暇时间体力活动参与的因素为性格、情绪、自信心和自身的负面身体情况。第四,就此提出4点建议:一是从引导少年儿童对体力活动正确认知出发,激发少年儿童参与体力活动的动机和兴趣;二是父母应言传身教,鼓励支持并陪同少年儿童参与到体力活动中;三是社区应重视休闲体育教育的开发,社区组织活动要契合少年儿童兴趣爱好,加强“30分钟体育生活圈”的实效性,促进少年儿童体力活动参与;四是学校体育改革应注重课内所学向闲暇时间运用的延伸。
[Abstract]:Different from the rapid development of political and economic strength in China over the past 30 years, the time of children's physical activity has been greatly reduced. Although there are some measures to promote children's physical activity in the world, for example, the recommended amount of physical activity is at least 60 minutes a day, but there is no significant implementation effect. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the factors that affect the level of physical activity and participation intention of children from the psychological level. The purpose of this study is to through the Acti Graph GT3X-Plus type accelerometer measurement, high intensity physical activity part of the county children's leisure time objective evaluation in Shanghai city (Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity, under MVPA) in different levels and how demographic factors in the test; the theory of planned behavior on children's leisure time next week MVPA universal; through interviews to explore the impact of the variables of the theory of planned behavior on children's leisure time MVPA participation. This paper uses accelerometers to measure children's level of MVPA a week in the leisure time by controlling the scale of children next week, behavioral intention, behavior attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral effects, using interviews analysis of various factors, the theory of planned behavior for children's leisure time MVPA. Acti Life6.5 software and SPSS19.0 are used to make statistics and analysis of the data. The results of this study are as follows: first, 353 children in 7 to 15 years old in Shanghai are less than MVPA in their leisure time, school day is 12.79min/d, weekend is 14.10min/d, total MVPA is 15.27 min/d. Boys' school day, weekend and total MVPA participation time were higher than girls and boys had higher physical activity intention and participation time. Junior students' participation intention and perceived behavior control are higher than those of senior grades, to a certain extent, their MVPA participation behavior is lower. Second, children's MVPA participation behavior is directly influenced by behavioral intention and indirectly promoted by behavioral attitude. Perceived behavior control, behavior attitude and subjective norm are significantly correlated with behavior intention. Under the control of demographic variables, the TPB model can explain 11% of the children's MVPA participation behavior, which is defined as "medium impact". Behavioral intention is an important predictor of TPB model. Behavior attitude and perceived behavior control are important predictors of behavioral intention, explaining 33.3% variance of behavioral intention. Third, according to the four elements covering the theory of planned behavior analysis showed that most of the children have MVPA intention to participate in leisure time, promoting factors of MVPA level ranking top three is of interest, physical fitness and sports performance standards; children though positive physical activity, but the attitude and behavior influence on participation behavior physical activity is weak. To a certain extent, this shows that children's MVPA participation is greatly influenced by self belief. Subjective norms: 1. family support level in children is mainly affected by their parents to accompany, much larger, verbal and material support, the majority of children will be encouraged by their parents to participate in physical activity and more to accompany participation; 2. friends / peer support to accompany, giving words of encouragement and mutual share sports experience, some children more love challenges of high level sport skill participants. Gender differences in physical activity: the factors that are not involved with the opposite sex are mainly focused on the differences in skill and selection of items. Students who have no gender differences in their views have common interests and hobbies. 3., physical education teachers support physical activities mainly by speech encouragement, sports advice and skill instruction. The influence of PE teachers on the physical activity of children's leisure time is mainly focused on stimulating the enthusiasm of students' physical activity. Perceived behavior control: academic stress, no leisure time and bad weather for most of the students' physical activity level. The positive factors are convenient facilities and material support, sports skills and good weather. In the framework of the theory of planned behavior, the factors influencing physical activity in Shanghai children's leisure time are personality, emotion, self-confidence and their negative physical condition. Fourth, put forward 4 suggestions: one is to guide children from physical activity of correct knowledge, inspire children to participate in physical activity, motivation and interest; the two is that parents should encourage and support their words and deeds, and accompany children to participate in physical activities; three is the development of the community should pay attention to the leisure sports education, community organization activities should fit the children's interests, to strengthen the effectiveness of "30 minute sports life circle, to promote children's physical activity participation; the four is the reform of school physical education should pay attention to the extension of the class learning to use leisure time.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G812.45
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本文编号：1347113