采用目标设置的篮球课对大学新生执行功能的影响

发布时间：2018-01-30 05:54

本文关键词： 大学新生篮球课执行功能目标设置　出处：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：研究背景:执行功能作为一种高级认知功能,是个体完成复杂任务时,协调控制各种基本认知活动的重要认知过程。它作为个体情绪和认知的核心,一旦执行功能发生障碍会诱发攻击性、学习障碍、抑郁等多种问题。已有大学生执行功能相关研究显示:大学生人群中由于执行功能障碍引发的孤独症患病率高达8.3%、轻度精神分裂症患病率达6.7%,注意缺陷患病率达4.3%。这一现象引起了教育学、心理学和神经科学领域专家的关注,探索如何有效改善、提高大学生执行功能发展已经成为较多学科的研究主流。近年来,大量的研究证明体育运动对大学生执行功能发展起到积极作用,可以作为一种促进大学生执行功能发展的有效手段。高校体育课程是提升学生身体素质,促进学生全面发展的高校教学重要组成部分;是以增强学生身心健康为主要目标,实施素质教育和培养人才的重要途径;同时又是以体育运动为主要手段展开教学的课程,因此,高校体育课程理应承担促进大学生执行功能发展的责任。然而,关于高校体育课程与大学生执行功能发展的关系研究目前尚未引起重视。故而探究高校体育课程教学与大学生执行功能发展的关系,对促进大学生身心健康,丰富体育运动与执行功能关系理论,以及高校体育教学改革理论与实践均具有重要价值。研究目的:本研究结合大学生的身心发展特点,通过在篮球教学中采用目标设置法教学,探讨设计的8周采用目标设置的篮球课对大学生执行功能的影响,揭示高校体育课程对发展大学生执行功能的作用。研究对象与方法:整体抽取扬州某大学大一新生两个班,共84名学生,实验分组采用抽签法确定,把选取的学生按照班级随机分为实验组(44名学生)和对照组(40名学生)。对照组进行常规篮球课教学,实验组进行8周目标设置的篮球课教学。通过使用Flanker任务、More-odd shifting任务、2-back任务考察8周实验前后大学生执行功能的抑制、刷新和转换三个子功能的变化。研究结果:(1)与对照组相比,实验组大学新生整体执行功能提高,差异具有统计学意义(F(1,59)=8.62,P0.01);(2)采用目标设置的篮球课对大学新生执行功能的抑制、刷新和转换功能的影响为:与常规教学组比较,采用目标设置的篮球课的实验组抑制功能提高(F(1,59)=4.57,P0.05),差异具有统计学意义;采用目标设置的篮球课的实验组刷新功能提高(F(1,59)=8.96,P0.05),差异具有统计学意义;采用目标设置的篮球课的实验组转换功能提高(F(1,59)=0.65,P0.05),但差异无统计学意义。结论:采用目标设置的篮球课对大学新生执行功能的发展具有积极影响,但效果存在差异:采用目标设置的篮球课对抑制功能和刷新功能有显著提升作用,而对转换功能的影响不具有显著性。
[Abstract]:Background: executive function, as a kind of advanced cognitive function, is an important cognitive process in which individuals coordinate and control basic cognitive activities when they complete complex tasks. It is the core of individual emotion and cognition. Once the executive dysfunction occurs, it will induce aggression and learning disabilities. Depression and other problems. There have been related studies on executive function of college students: the prevalence of autism caused by executive dysfunction in college students is as high as 8.3, and the prevalence rate of mild schizophrenia is 6.7%. The prevalence rate of attention deficit is 4.3%. This phenomenon has attracted the attention of experts in the fields of education, psychology and neuroscience, and explored how to improve it effectively. Improving the development of college students' executive function has become the mainstream of multi-disciplinary research. In recent years, a large number of studies have proved that sports play a positive role in the development of college students' executive function. It can be used as an effective means to promote the development of college students' executive function. The physical education course in colleges and universities is an important part of college teaching for improving students' physical quality and promoting students' all-round development. It is an important way to improve students' physical and mental health, to carry out quality education and to train talents. At the same time, sports is the main means of teaching the curriculum, therefore, the college physical education curriculum should assume the responsibility to promote the development of college students' executive function. The research on the relationship between college physical education curriculum and the development of college students' executive function has not attracted much attention at present. Therefore, exploring the relationship between college physical education curriculum teaching and the development of college students' executive function will promote the physical and mental health of college students. It is of great value to enrich the theory of the relationship between sports and executive function, as well as the theory and practice of physical education reform in colleges and universities. Objective: this study combines the characteristics of college students' physical and mental development. By using the goal setting method in basketball teaching, this paper discusses the influence of the designed eight weeks' goal setting basketball course on college students' executive function. The research object and method: two classes of freshmen in a certain university in Yangzhou, totally 84 students, were selected, and the experiment group was determined by drawing lots. The selected students were randomly divided into the experimental group (44 students) and the control group (40 students) according to the class. The experimental group was taught with 8-week goal based basketball class. The Flanker task was used to carry out the More-odd shifting task. The 2-back task was used to investigate the inhibition of executive function, refresh and transformation of three sub-functions before and after the 8-week experiment. The results of the study were compared with those of the control group. The overall executive function of freshmen in the experimental group was improved, and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.01). (2) the effect of the basketball course set by the target on the executive function of freshmen is as follows: compared with the routine teaching group. The inhibition function of the experimental group was improved by using the target set basketball course. The difference was statistically significant. The function of the experimental group was improved by using the target set basketball class. The difference was statistically significant. The conversion function of the experimental group was improved by using the target set basketball class (0. 65% P0. 05). But the difference is not statistically significant. Conclusion: the basketball course with goals has a positive impact on the development of college freshmen 'executive function. But the effect is different: the basketball lesson with the goal setting has the significant enhancement function to restrain the function and the refresh function, but has no significant influence on the conversion function.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G841-4

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