滑行技术的革命:速度轮滑双蹬技术的运动生物力学研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 23:23

本文关键词： 速度轮滑双蹬技术滑行技术时相足底压力　出处：《首都体育学院学报》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：采集速度轮滑双蹬技术的运动学与足底受力参数,定量分析其技术动作原理与规律,为高效滑行技术推广与专项训练指导提供科学依据。方法:13名速度轮滑运动员,采用双蹬技术按规定路线以慢速和快速各完成一次直道滑行,2台摄像机分别从侧面和正面拍摄一个完整的复步动作,足底压力分布系统同步采集8 s足底压力数据,提取滑行时间、距离与速度,足底压力的压力时间变化、中心位移变化及足底各区着离地起止时间等参数。结果:随滑行速度的提高,单脚支撑滑行时间变短,平刃滑行时间与路程比例降低,内外刃动力推进时间与路程比例大幅度提高;且各时相的平均速度内刃要高于外刃动力推进阶段,单脚高于双脚支撑阶段。一个单步滑行包括内外刃2次蹬动动作,且外刃蹬动时间长,内刃蹬动时间短。足底压力中心变化幅度单脚大于双脚支撑阶段,内刃大于外刃滑行阶段;滑行速度越快,压力中心变化幅度越小,且前移趋势越明显。结论:速度轮滑双蹬技术一个右单步可分为右平双、右外单、右平单、右内单与右内双5个连续阶段,右脚外刃蹬地有利于保持速度,内刃蹬地是滑速提高的主要动力源,双蹬技术能充分发挥体重蹬地的技术优势,是一种高效的滑行技术。
[Abstract]:The kinematics and plantar force parameters of speed roller skating double pedal technique were collected, and the principle and law of technical movement were quantitatively analyzed. To provide scientific basis for the popularization of high efficiency skidding technique and the guidance of special training. Methods: 13 speed roller skaters, using double pedaling technique according to the prescribed route, completed the straight track once in slow speed and fast speed respectively. The plantar pressure distribution system simultaneously collected 8 s plantar pressure data and extracted the glide time, distance and speed. The pressure time of foot pressure, the change of center displacement and the time of landing and stopping in every zone of foot, etc. Results: with the increase of sliding speed, the sliding time of one foot support became shorter. The ratio of the sliding time to the distance of the flat blade is reduced, and the dynamic advance time and the distance ratio of the inner and outer edge are greatly increased. The average speed of each phase is higher than that of the outer edge, and the one foot is higher than that of the foot. A single step gliding includes two pedal movements of the inner and outer edge, and the external edge has a long time to push. The range of the center of foot pressure is greater than that of the foot support stage, and the inner edge is larger than the outer edge sliding stage. The faster the speed of gliding, the smaller the change of pressure center, and the more obvious the trend of forward movement. Conclusion: a single right step can be divided into right horizontal double, right outer single and right flat single. Right internal single and right internal double five consecutive stages, the right foot outside the edge of the ground is conducive to maintain speed, the internal edge is the main power source for the increase of sliding speed, double pedal technology can give full play to the weight of the technical advantages of the ground. It is an efficient gliding technique.
【作者单位】：吉林大学;中国地质大学(北京)体育教学部;东北师范大学体育学院;
【基金】：吉林省体育局科研项目:(编号:20081310)速度轮滑双蹬技术足底压力动力学分析 2015教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(编号:15YJA890015):冬季奥林匹克运动的历史演进及现实启示研究
【分类号】：G862.8
【正文快照】： 我国速度轮滑与国际轮滑竞技水平相比有很大的差距,主要制约因素为滑行技术的落后,速度轮滑双蹬技术在我国选手中的使用率还很低[1];然而,关于双蹬技术动作原理研究的文献极少,仅有的相关报道也只停留在定性分析层面,因此,本研究拟采用三维摄像法与足底压力分布测试系统获取速

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