高强度与高负荷训练对健美运动员机体影响研究

发布时间：2018-02-02 20:44

本文关键词： 健美运动员高强度训练高负荷训练肌体影响　出处：《西安体育学院学报》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目的近年来高强度训练(HIT)与高负荷训练(HVT)模式在竞技体育的田径、游泳、皮划艇等项目中,已成为优秀运动员训练计划的重要内容。该模式也已引起世界健美界的高度关注,特别是在欧美国家,该模式已成为许多世界高水平健美运动员日常训练的重要内容。目前,在我国健美项目中还没有这方面系统的研究成果,为了跟上世界竞技健美运动发展趋势,填补我国竞技健美运动负重训练模式的研究空白,该文结合中国优秀健美运动员的体能状况对HIT与HVT模式进行了系统的研究。方法该研究根据运动生理学和运动训练学原理,对筛选的12名国内优秀男子健美运动员运用肌电采集系统、等动测力系统、三维人体扫描系统等实地测试备赛期12周训练中采取HIT与HVT模式的相关数据,通过生化监测系统,追踪受试者训练时生理生化指标的变化情况,科学评价HIT与HVT模式对运动员机体状况的影响。结果 HVT对运动员静态生理生化指标、全身骨密度没有明显影响。而备赛期采用HVT会造成瘦体质量较严重流失,全身各区域肌肉发达程度差距加大;全身脂肪虽有下降,分布也有改善,但效果不是很佳;HVT对运动员心肺功能及区域肌肉力量各项指标没有明显影响,对肌肉控制与调动能力有一定提升作用。HIT对帮助运动员保持肌肉含量及减少身体脂肪含量有非常积极作用,对身体成分的改善效果明显优于HVT;HIT对控制与调动肌肉的能力优于HVT。采用HVT每周负重训练总时间约260 min,而采用HIT每周负重训练总时间约160 min,两者相差约100 min/周,表明HIT模式效能更高。结论在备赛期,若运动员减脂的同时要减少瘦体质量,以降低级别参赛,则采用HVT模式;若运动员要最大限度保留瘦体质量、降低脂肪含量,则采用HIT模式效果相对更理想。
[Abstract]:Objective in recent years, high intensity training (hit) and high load training (HVT) have been used in athletics, swimming, canoeing and other sports. It has become an important part of the training program for elite athletes. This model has also attracted great attention in the world bodybuilding world, especially in Europe and the United States. This model has become an important part of the daily training of many high-level bodybuilders in the world. At present, there is no systematic research result in Chinese bodybuilding projects, in order to keep up with the development trend of competitive bodybuilding in the world. To fill in the blank of the research on the weight-bearing training mode of competitive bodybuilding in China. Based on the physical condition of Chinese elite bodybuilders, this paper makes a systematic study on the HIT and HVT models. Methods the research is based on the principles of exercise physiology and sports training. EMG acquisition system and isokinetic force measuring system were used to screen 12 excellent domestic male bodybuilders. Three-dimensional human body scanning system and other field test preparation period 12 weeks training using the HIT and HVT model of relevant data through biochemical monitoring system to track the changes of physiological and biochemical indicators during the training. Results the effects of HIT and HVT on athletes' body condition were evaluated scientifically. Results HVT was applied to the static physiological and biochemical indexes of athletes. There was no obvious effect of BMD on the whole body, but the use of HVT at the stage of preparation caused the serious loss of lean body mass, and the disparity of muscle development degree in different regions of the whole body was enlarged. Although the whole body fat has the decline, the distribution also has the improvement, but the effect is not very good; HVT had no significant effect on the indexes of cardiopulmonary function and regional muscle strength. It can help athletes maintain muscle content and reduce body fat content, and the effect of improving body composition is obviously better than that of HVT. The ability of HIT to control and move muscles was better than that of HVT.The total time of load training with HVT was about 260mins, and that with HIT was about 160min. The difference between the two models is about 100min / week, which indicates that HIT mode is more effective. Conclusion during the preparation period, if the athletes should reduce the weight of lean body while reducing the weight of the athletes, then the HVT mode should be adopted in order to reduce the level of competition. If athletes want to keep lean weight to the maximum and reduce fat content, the effect of HIT mode is better.
【作者单位】：中山大学体育部;清华大学体育部;
【分类号】：G883
【正文快照】： 高强度训练[1](High intensity training以下简称HIT)及高负荷训练[2](High volume training以下简称HVT)模式,在当今竞技体育的田径、游泳、皮划艇等项目中,已成为优秀运动员训练计划的重要内容。近年来,该模式在竞技健美负重训练中已被世界许多高水平健美运动员所采用。目前

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