负重超等长训练对排球运动员下肢爆发力影响的实证研究

发布时间：2018-02-10 21:33

本文关键词： 负重超等长训练排球运动员 CMJ 爆发力　出处：《吉林大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国目前已经将负重超等长训练广泛应用到运动训练实践中去,并取得了丰硕的成果。但目前在青少年人群中应用还存在着许多的问题。一方面负重超等长训练的周期与负荷强度仍旧需要根据人群和项目特征进一步研究;另一方面训练中如何在安全有效的原则下,更好地利用弹性势能。因此,本文将采用负重超等长训练理论方法对排球运动员的下肢爆发力的影响因素进行研究,探讨适宜的训练负荷强度对青少年排球运动员专项能力的改善效果,研究中从吉林大学体育学院运动训练专业选择16名青年男子排球运动员,将其分为实验组和对照组,分别采用8周的常规负重力量训练和负重超等长训练,其中实验组将进行负重跳深和下蹲跳训练,对照组则进行高抬腿和蛙跳训练,通过测量实验前后的CMJ动力学参数和下肢等速肌力,得出各项相关数据,并通过对各项数据的比较和分析,得出主要结论如下:(1)排球运动员的峰值力表现上都有了较大幅度的提高,实验组增幅达12.3%,对照组增幅也高达13.08%,可见组间并没有表现出差异性,而从峰值功率、单位功率和快速力量指数等值比较上看实验后均值均比实验前大幅度提高,且实验组提高幅度要明显优于对照组。(2)排球运动运动员下肢的髋关节、膝关节、踝关节的屈伸肌群峰值力矩有显著性增长,如髋关节屈肌群峰值力矩实验组增幅可达9.6%,而对照组增幅为2.2%,其他数据的对比均可发现实验组与对照组相比增长呈显著性差异;在下肢关节的屈、伸肌群峰值功率数值变化上,实验后也显著性增长,增幅普遍高于对照组。(3)8周训练之后,实验组在CMJ测试成绩上,平均增加了4.8±1.3cm,增幅达到了15.1%,而传统的负重练习组平均增加幅度为2.1±0.5,提升幅度为6.4%,表明负重超等长训练对于提高排球运动员的纵跳成绩更为有效。
[Abstract]:At present, our country has widely applied the training of overloading equal length to the practice of sports training. But there are still many problems in the application of this method. On the one hand, the cycle and load intensity of the load overload training still need to be further studied according to the characteristics of the population and the project. On the other hand, under the principle of safety and efficiency, how to make better use of elastic potential energy. To explore the effect of appropriate training load on the special ability of young volleyball players, 16 young male volleyball players were selected from the sports training major of Jilin University physical Education College and divided into experimental group and control group. Eight weeks of conventional weight bearing strength training and weight overloading training were used respectively. The experimental group was trained with weight jump and squat jump, while the control group was trained with high leg lift and breaststroke, and the control group was trained with high leg lift and leaping breaststroke, and the control group was trained with high leg lift and breaststroke. By measuring the kinetic parameters of CMJ and the isokinetic muscle strength of the lower extremity before and after the experiment, the relevant data were obtained, and the data were compared and analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the peak power of volleyball players has been greatly improved. The experimental group has increased by 12.3and the control group by 13.08. it can be seen that there is no difference between the groups, but from the peak power, The average value of the unit power and the fast strength index after the experiment were significantly higher than that before the experiment, and the increase of the experimental group was obviously better than that of the control group. 2) the hip joint and knee joint of the lower extremities of the volleyball athletes were significantly better than those of the control group. The peak torque of flexion and extensor muscles of ankle joint increased significantly, such as the increase of peak torque of flexion muscle group of hip joint reached 9.6in the experimental group, and the increase in the control group was 2.2. The comparison of other data can find that the growth of the experimental group is significantly different from that of the control group. The peak power of flexion and extensor group of lower extremity joints also increased significantly after the experiment. The increase was generally higher than that of the control group after 8 weeks of training. The CMJ test scores of the experimental group were higher than that of the control group after 8 weeks of training. The average increase was 4.8 卤1.3 cm, the increase was 15.1cm, while in the traditional weight-bearing exercise group, the average increase was 2.1 卤0.5, and the lifting amplitude was 6.4. the results showed that the weight overload training was more effective to improve the performance of volleyball players.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G842

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