对短跑力量训练的再思考

发布时间：2018-02-12 07:16

本文关键词： 短跑最大速度基础力量专项力量　出处：《山东体育学院学报》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：运动员的专项力量水平是决定短跑运动表现的关键因素,但短跑不同阶段对专项力量的需求不同,其中,起跑速度主要取决于运动员的启动力量,加速能力主要取决于运动员的最大力量,最大速度能力主要取决于运动员的反应力量,速度耐力主要取决于运动员的爆发耐力。末端释放训练、神经元激活训练、超等长训练和肌肉耐力训练分别是发展短跑运动员启动力量、最大力量、反应力量和爆发耐力的有效方法,肌肉肥大训练是进行其他力量训练的基础,核心力量训练是传统力量训练的必要补充,阻力跑和助力跑训练是实现专项力量向运动表现转化的重要途径。在短跑力量训练中,教练员应避免"重最大力量、轻发力速度""重专项力量、轻基础力量""重前群力量、轻后群力量""重爆发力、轻爆发耐力""重上肢维度、轻上肢协调"的误区。
[Abstract]:The level of special strength of athletes is the key factor to determine the performance of sprint, but the demand for special strength is different in different stages of sprint, among which, the starting speed mainly depends on the starting strength of athletes. The acceleration ability mainly depends on the athlete's maximum strength, the maximum speed ability mainly depends on the athlete's reaction strength, the speed endurance mainly depends on the athlete's burst endurance, the terminal release training, the neuron activation training, Super-isometric training and muscular endurance training are effective methods for developing sprinters' starting strength, maximum strength, reaction strength and burst endurance, respectively. Muscle hypertrophy training is the basis of other strength training. Core strength training is a necessary supplement to traditional strength training, and resistance running and run-up training are important ways to transform special strength into sports performance. In sprint strength training, coaches should avoid paying attention to maximum strength. The misconception of "light power speed", "heavy special strength, less basic force", "heavy front group strength, less rear group force", "heavy explosive force, light burst endurance", "heavy upper limb dimension, light upper limb coordination".
【作者单位】：国家体育总局体育科学研究所;清华大学体育部;
【基金】：国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费(基本17-41)资助
【分类号】：G822.1

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