压力情景下运动员对负性信息的注意偏向研究

发布时间：2018-02-15 15:28

  本文关键词： 注意偏向 运动员 压力情境 线索—靶子范式　出处：《天津体育学院学报》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：注意偏向是指个体对特定刺激具有高敏感性并伴随着选择性注意,竞赛情景充满压力,易诱发运动员的消极情绪而产生注意偏向。目的:拟对压力情景下运动员注意偏向的内在机制和神经生理基础进行探讨,将有助于了解他们在比赛过程中的认知加工过程和特点,可为赛前进行针对性的注意训练与调控提供依据。方法:以正性、中性、负性情绪面孔图片为刺激材料,采用线索—靶子范式,借助事件相关电位技术(ERP)对25名运动员在压力和非压力情景下的注意行为进行测试。结果:行为数据结果显示,压力情景下无效线索提示时被试对以负性情绪面孔为线索的靶子反应时长于以中性、正性情绪面孔为线索的靶子反应时;脑电数据结果显示,与有效线索提示相比,无效线索提示时情绪面孔后的靶子诱发的P1及P300波幅较大,压力情景下负性情绪面孔后的靶子诱发的P300波幅大于正性、中性情绪面孔后的靶子诱发的P300波幅。结论:压力情景下运动员的注意偏向是对负性(威胁性)信息的注意解脱困难,脑电的变化在一定程度上可以对其神经生理效应进行解释。
[Abstract]:Attention bias means that individuals are highly sensitive to specific stimuli and are accompanied by selective attention, and competition situations are stressful. Objective: to explore the intrinsic mechanism and neurophysiological basis of attention bias of athletes in stress situations. It will be helpful to understand their cognitive process and characteristics in the course of competition, and can provide the basis for specific attention training and regulation before the match. Methods: positive, neutral, negative emotional face images are used as stimulative materials. Using cue-target paradigm and event-related potential technique, 25 athletes were tested for attentional behaviors under both stress and non-stress situations. Results: behavioral data showed that, In stress situations, the response time of subjects with negative emotional faces as cues was longer than that of neutral and positive emotional faces, and EEG data showed that, compared with effective cues, the response time of subjects with invalid cues was longer than that with neutral and positive emotional faces. The amplitude of P1 and P300 induced by the target behind the emotional face was larger than that induced by the target after the negative emotional face under the stress situation, and the amplitude of P300 was higher than that of the target after the negative emotional face under the stress situation. Conclusion: the attention bias of athletes in stress situations is to extricate themselves from the attention of negative (threatening) information. The changes of EEG can explain the neurophysiological effects to some extent.
【作者单位】： 国家体育总局体育科学研究所;天津体育学院国家体育总局竞技运动心理与生理调控试验室;
【基金】：财政部基本科研业务费专项(项目编号:基本15-11)
【分类号】：G804.8
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本文编号：1513581