陕西省优秀女子赛艇运动员冬训期有氧、无氧训练效果的实验研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 17:22

  本文关键词： 冬训 赛艇运动员 有氧能力 无氧能力 气体代谢　出处：《西安体育学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的:本研究通过对陕西省女子赛艇运动员冬训前后气体代谢、无氧能力的比较研究,旨在从生理学角度探讨冬训对运动员有氧能力和无氧能力的影响及其可能的原因,为帮助教练员进一步完善运动训练计划、提高训练水平等提供理论参考。为使我省赛艇队在第十三届全运会上取得更好的成绩作出应有的贡献。方法:跑步热身,测功仪准备活动5mi,心率140-150b/mi,休息3min后进行递增负荷测试。以120w-150w-180w-210w-240w-270w负荷运动,每级负荷持续两分钟,根据个人能力,在最后一级拉完然后全力冲刺直至力竭。赛艇测功仪是主试者不可控的,要求教练员在旁边监督、鼓励。采用一口气接一 口气法(Breath by breath)测试。运动员完成准备活动后,少时休息,配带呼吸面罩、Polar表和Metamax 3B心肺功能测试仪装置,并连接好通路。此过程中气体分析仪自动连续测定气体代谢指标,Polar表测试心率,其结果均被Metamax 3B记录并传送给电脑自动保存。记录指标主要有最大摄氧量、相对最大摄氧量、最大摄氧量平台、最大二氧化碳呼出量、呼吸频率、氧脉搏、最大呼吸商、最大通气量、无氧阈、最大心率、最大运动时间。在运动后即刻、3 min、5min、15 min取20ul指血测试乳酸。采用concePt2划船测功仪进行60秒持续最大能力的测试,最大能力运动完后测试运动后7、9、11、13min血乳酸。结果:(1)安静时,冬训后 TV、RR、VE、Petc02、V02、VC02、MET、VE/V02、呼吸效率、VD/TV、VO_2/HR 均高于冬训前(P0.05),PetO_2、RQ 小于冬训前(P0.05)。(2)第一级负荷运动时,冬训后TV、RR和VE均小于冬训前(P0.05),VE、TV、RR增加幅度显著小于冬训前(P0.01),冬训前后运动员VE02和VD/TV较安静时均显著减小(P0.05,0.01),冬训前V02/HR增加幅度显著大于冬训后(P0.01)。(3)随着运动负荷的增加,冬训后运动员于每一级负荷运动时PetcO_2均显著大于冬训前(P0.05,0.01),冬训后运动员于每一级负荷运动时其VE/VC2始终小于冬训前(P0.05),冬训后运动员于每一级负荷运动时V02/HR均大于冬训前(P0.05)(4)冬训后运动员 TV、RR、VE、PetCO_2、VO_2、VCO_2、RQ、MET、VO_2/HR、VE/VO_2 绝对值均大于冬训前,其中,冬训后运动员PetCO_2、VCO_2显著大于冬训前(P0.05,0.01);运动员PetO_2、呼吸效率绝对值略小于冬训前(P0.05),VD/TV显著小于冬训前(P0.01)。(4)通气阈负荷强度运动时,冬训后运动员RR、VE、VO_2、VC02、METS、VE/VO_2、呼吸效率、VO_2/HR均大于冬训前(P0.05),PetCO_2显著大于冬训前(P0.01),TV、PetO_2略小于冬训前(P0.05),VD/TV显著小于冬训前(P0.05)。冬训前运动员摄氧量与VECO_2、PetO_2呈低度负相关,与VD/TV、VEO_2呈中度负相关;摄氧量与PetCO_2呈低度正相关,与VO_2/HR、VE呈中度正相关。冬训后运动员摄氧量与PetO_2呈低度负相关,与VECO_2、VD/TV、VEO_2呈中度负相关;摄氧量与PetCO_2呈低度正相关,与VO_2/HR、VE呈中度正相关。(5)最大摄氧量临界强度运动时,冬训后运动员TV、RR、VE、VO_2、RQ、VE/VO_2呼吸效率、VO_2/HR等指标略大于冬训前(P0.05),PetCO_2、VCO_2显著大于冬训前(P0.01);PetO_2略小于冬训前(P0.05),VD/TV显著小于冬训前(P0.01)。冬训前运动员摄氧量与VD/TV、VEO_2、VECO_2和PetC2呈中度负相关,与VO_2/HR、VE、PetCO_2呈中度正相关;冬训前运动员摄氧量与VD/TV、VEO_2、VECO_2和PetO_2呈中度负相关,与VE、PetCO_2呈中度正相关,与VO_2/HR呈高度正相关。(6)冬训后运动员60S最大功率、平均功率、测功仪成绩和浆频较冬训前均有所提高,但无显著性差异(P0.05);冬训后运动员60S无氧功测试后7min、9min、11min、13min血乳酸值均小于冬训前(P0.05)。结论:(1)冬训后,我省女子赛艇运动员最大有氧能力以及最大有氧运动能力较冬训前有所提高;(2)冬训后,我省女子赛艇运动员无氧工作能力以及乳酸的消除能力较冬训前有所提高;(3)冬训后,我省女子赛艇运动员肺通气,肺换气能力以及心脏射血能力较冬训前有所提高;(4)我省女子赛艇运动员最大有氧运动能力以及对乳酸耐受能力还有待进一步提高。建议:(1)应进一步加强对我省赛艇运动员骨骼肌耗氧能力训练;(2)应进一步加强对我省赛艇运动员磷酸原供能能力训练;(3)应进一步加强对我省赛艇运动员乳酸耐受性的训练。
[Abstract]:Objective: To study the metabolism of female rowers in Shaanxi Province before and after the winter gas, a comparative study of anaerobic capacity, aims to investigate the effects of training on aerobic capacity and anaerobic capacity of athletes from the physiology angle and its possible causes, to help the coaches to further improve the training plan, improve the level of training so as to provide theoretical reference for me. Rowing team achieved better results in the Thirteenth National Games to make due contributions. Methods: running warm-up, dynamometer for 5mi, heart rate 140-150b/mi, rest 3min after incremental load test. The 120w-150w-180w-210w-240w-270w exercise, each load lasts two minutes, according to personal ability, in the last stage and then to pull end sprint until exhaustion. Rowing ergometer is the main subjects not controllable, requiring coaches beside supervision by breath breath encouragement. Method (Breath by breath) test. The athlete completes preparatory activities, with little rest, breathing masks, Polar table and Metamax 3B heart lung function testing device, and connected pathways. In this process the gas analyzer automatic continuous measurement of gas metabolism index, Polar test heart rate, the result was Metamax 3B recorded and transmitted to the computer automatically save the record. Main indicators of VO2max, relative VO2max, VO2max platform, the largest carbon dioxide output, respiratory rate, oxygen pulse, maximum respiratory quotient, maximum ventilation anaerobic threshold, maximal heart rate, maximal exercise time. Immediately after exercise, 3 min, 5min 15, min 20ul refers to the blood test of lactic acid by concePt2 for 60 seconds. The boat sustained maximum capacity dynamometer test, maximum capacity after exercise test 7,9,11,13min after exercise blood lactic acid. Results: (1) when quiet winter after TV, RR, VE, Petc02, V02,VC02,MET,VE/V02,鍛煎惛鏁堢巼,VD/TV,VO_2/HR 鍧囬珮浜庡啲璁�鍓�(P0.05),PetO_2,RQ 灏忎簬鍐�璁�鍓，

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